Airlines carry out test flights in Europe’s ash-filled skies

Their losses deepening, European airlines on Sunday stepped up pressure to reopen the skies by carrying out passenger-free test flights despite the layer of volcanic ash that kept most planes across the continent grounded for a fourth day.

Airlines in Germany, the Netherlands, Britain and France sent jets close to or into the plume of ash and dust thrown up by the Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland, in bids to demonstrate that flying conditions over Europe were safe. All the flights landed without incident, they said.

There was no indication, however, that aviation authorities would immediately ease restrictions on European airspace. Officials said new wind patterns could disperse some of the ash cloud and allow more regularly scheduled flights to operate Monday, but thousands of stranded passengers and affected businesses braced for the ban on air travel to extend into the new week.

British Airways canceled all service Monday into and out of London. Lufthansa also announced the cancellation of all of its flights worldwide Monday. The French government said airports in northern France, including Paris, would remain closed until at least Tuesday morning.

Except for a handful of flights allowed where a gap appeared in the cloud of ash, no-fly zones were in force in all or part of more than 20 countries on the continent Sunday, the Europe-wide aviation agency Eurocontrol reported. The list included southern nations such as Italy that had hitherto escaped restrictions but are now being hit as the high-altitude grit drifts farther south and east.

Eurocontrol said only 5,000 flights out of a usual 24,000 traveled through European airspace Sunday, among the lowest daily totals since widespread disruptions began Thursday. More than 60,000 flights have been canceled since then.

More than 30 arriving and departing flights between Los Angeles International Airport and Europe were canceled Sunday by airlines serving London, Paris, Amsterdam, Frankfurt and Zurich, LAX spokesman Marshall Lowe said. In all, 102 flights passing through LAX have been canceled, affecting a total of 24,250 passengers, Lowe said.

Nationwide on Sunday, 310 of 337 flights scheduled between the U.S. and Europe were canceled.

Airlines desperate to resume business called on aviation regulators to reassess their flight suspensions, especially in light of the test flights in and around the ash cloud to gauge whether the dust would clog engines or compromise safety.

“The eruption of the Icelandic volcano is not an unprecedented event, and the procedures applied in other parts of the world for volcanic eruptions do not appear to require the kind of restrictions that are presently being imposed in Europe,” said a joint statement issued by associations representing airlines and airports in the region.

Siim Kallas, the European Commission vice president in charge of transport, told reporters in Brussels that safety remained paramount, but that aviation officials would examine the evidence from the experimental flights and try to find solutions “to ease the sufferings of thousands and thousands of passengers.”

“It is clear that this is not sustainable. We cannot just wait until this ash cloud dissipates,” Kallas said.

He said new forecasts showed winds picking up and possibly dispersing more of the sluggish ash cloud to allow more flights Monday, perhaps as many as half of those regularly scheduled. Yet even as he spoke, the Eyjafjallajokull volcano continued to erupt, belching grit and tiny particles of glass miles into the air.

Transport ministers from European Union member nations are scheduled to hold a videoconference meeting Monday to discuss the situation.

On Sunday, Dutch airline KLM said it had received permission to fly several planes stuck in Duesseldorf, Germany, back to Amsterdam one by one, starting Sunday morning. The planes carried only crew members.

“These are test flights,” KLM Chief Executive Peter Hartman said in a statement. “This does not mean that normal air traffic has been resumed.”

But he insisted that the experiment showed it was safe to fly during daylight hours. Later Sunday, KLM also was allowed to send two commercial aircraft, with crew and cargo only, to Asia.

The return of the marooned aircraft followed a KLM test flight Saturday evening in Dutch airspace, in which a Boeing 737-800 airliner reached an altitude of 41,000 feet, the maximum allowed for that type of jet. An inspection afterward “revealed that no problems had been encountered and that the quality of the atmosphere is in order,” the airline said.

Air France launched a test flight from Paris to the southern city of Toulouse on Sunday.

“Conditions during the flight were normal,” the airline said. “Visual inspections did not show any damage.”

Four other test flights by the airline were scheduled, including one in southwestern France.

British Airways also conducted a two-hour, 46-minute test flight from London to Cardiff, Wales, which included a full hour at 40,000 feet. “The conditions were perfect and the aircraft encountered no difficulties,” the airline said. “It will now undergo a full technical analysis.”

In Germany, Lufthansa successfully flew 10 of its planes Saturday without passengers on low-altitude flights. In addition, Frankfurt Airport, one of the busiest, opened for a few hours Sunday afternoon for flights heading north or east because of a break in the ash cloud, Reuters reported.

Experts cautioned that the test flights did not augur a quick resumption of normal service, despite the impatience of the airline industry, which is facing losses of up to $200 million a day.

The aircraft used will have to be fully examined to judge the effects of fine ash and dust on engines and other components, David Learmount of Flight International magazine told the BBC. The dangers presented by coarser volcanic particles are known -- a KLM jet in 1989 lost all power while flying through ash from an Alaska volcano -- but not the finer variety.

“We’re feeling our way in the dark here,” Learmount said. “It’s an experiment in thousands of things we’ve never encountered before.”

Once the skies are judged safe, clearing the backlog of passengers will take days.

British Airways passengers on canceled journeys to or through London are being allowed to re-book their tickets only on flights starting Saturday. Stranded travelers throughout Europe are being warned by airlines not to show up at airports to try to amend their tickets.

The Eurostar rail line beneath the English Channel has added services to handle more airline refugees. An executive with P&O Ferries, which operates boats between Britain and the European mainland, said that thousands of foot passengers have been showing up at its terminals, compared with just a few hundred in normal circumstances.

One Briton, TV host Dan Snow, tried to mount a modern-day Dunkirk evacuation, leading a fleet of small boats across the channel to rescue compatriots stranded on the French coast. But French border-control authorities turned back the motley flotilla.

henry.chu@latimes.com

Times staff writers Rong-Gong Lin II in Vienna and Corina Knoll in Los Angeles, Paul Richter of the Washington bureau and special correspondent Gaelle Faure in Paris contributed to this report.