Negative campaigning -- what's new?

In 1800, Thomas Jefferson endured a presidential campaign in which supporters of his opponent, President John Adams, labored mightily to convince the public that the then-vice president was an atheistic coward hell-bent on ripping Bibles from the homes of God-fearing Americans. A Jeffersonian writer, in turn, called Adams a "hideous hermaphroditical character which has neither the force and the firmness of a man nor the gentleness or sensibility of a woman."

By Larry J. Sabato

November 4, 2008