U.N. commission of inquiry accuses Israel of genocide in Gaza

GENEVA — A team of independent experts commissioned by the United Nations’ Human Rights Council has concluded that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza, issuing a report Tuesday that calls on the international community to end the genocide and take steps to punish those responsible for it.

The deeply documented findings by the three-member team are the latest accusations of genocide against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government as Israel carries on with its war in Gaza, which has killed tens of thousands of people. Israel rejected what it called a “distorted and false” report.

The Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel, which was created four years ago, has repeatedly documented alleged human rights abuses and violations in Gaza and other Palestinian areas since the deadly Oct. 7, 2023, attacks in Israel led by Hamas.

While neither the commission nor the 47-member-country council that it works for within the U.N. system can take action against a country, the findings could be used by prosecutors at the International Criminal Court or the U.N.’s International Court of Justice.

The report also amounts to a final message from the team headed by former U.N. rights chief Navi Pillay, who served as a judge on the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda that sentenced 62 people over the 1994 genocide of more than half a million Rwandans. All three of the commission’s members announced in July that they would resign, citing personal reasons and a need for change.

The team was commissioned by the Human Rights Council, the U.N.’s top human rights body, but it does not speak for the United Nations.

Israel has refused to cooperate with the commission and has accused it and the HRC of anti-Israel bias. Earlier this year, the Trump administration, a key Israeli ally, pulled the United States out of the council.

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After a painstaking legal analysis, examining both actions and intent, the commission said Israel had committed four of the five “genocidal acts” defined under an international convention adopted in 1948 known colloquially as the “Genocide Convention,” three years after the end of World War II and the Holocaust.

“The Commission finds that Israel is responsible for the commission of genocide in Gaza,” said Pillay, the commission chair. “It is clear that there is an intent to destroy the Palestinians in Gaza through acts that meet the criteria set forth in the Genocide Convention.”

The team based its findings on the convention’s five criteria to assess whether genocide has occurred: killing members of a group; causing its members serious bodily or mental harm; imposing measures aimed to prevent births in the group; deliberately inflicting conditions calculated to bring about the “physical destruction” of the group; and forcibly transferring its children to another group.

Under the convention, a genocide determination could be made even if only one of those five criteria is met — and the commission said four have been. Only the criterion on forcible transfer has not been met, it said.

Pillay said “responsibility for the atrocity crimes lies with Israeli authorities at the highest echelons” over the nearly two-year war.

Her commission concluded that Netanyahu, as well as Israeli President Isaac Herzog and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, had incited the commission of genocide. It hasn’t assessed whether other Israeli leaders had done so too.

Chris Sidoti, one of the commission’s three members, said he hoped that the report would reach people in Israel, insisting they had been “betrayed” by the government in its “abject refusal” to take action to rescue Israeli hostages after 1,200 people were killed on Oct. 7 two years ago, and its “genocidal war” that has jeopardized Israel’s security.

“We cannot understand how traumatic the 7th of October was for the people of Israel,” he told reporters. “The trauma and their suffering has been ruthlessly manipulated by Netanyahu and his cronies for the last two years — and it’s time that it stopped. And it’s time that those who are responsible for this were held accountable.”

Israel has adamantly rejected genocide allegations against it as an antisemitic “blood libel,” and its Foreign Ministry issued an angry response Tuesday that it “categorically rejects this distorted and false report.”

Keaten writes for the Associated Press.