While all pencils tend to share many of the same characteristics, art pencils feature a few unique elements which set them apart from your standard writing pencil. Here’s a basic glossary of terms and types to help you find the best pencil for you.
Pencil Types
Drawing Pencils
Drawing pencils are meant for professional-quality work with highly detailed images. To achieve that level of precision, you’ll want a full spectrum of shades and tones. Look for drawing pencils with leads in a wide range of hardness. The scale ranges from 9H (very hard, appears light gray on paper) to 9B (very soft, appears charcoal black). The standard HB lead and the F lead form in the middle of the spectrum.
Sketching Pencils
While you can use a set of drawing pencils for sketching, you really don’t need a full range of pencils for quick sketches. Instead, you’ll want to pick out one good quality pencil, probably a standard HB lead. This pencil might already be in one of your favorite pencil sets, but it could also be a specialty pencil you pick out specifically for these projects. Mechanical pencils can also make good sketching pencils and are easy to carry with you.
Color Pencils
Colored pencils have a special wax or oil-based core which holds a specific pigment and spreads it evenly across the paper. Cheap colored pencils will scratch or grate while premium selections have a smooth, creamy feel. Technique and style can make the colors bolder or more subdued, but any good brand will give you strong, bright colors to work with.
Watercolor Pencils
As their name implies, these pencils act like watercolors with an artist using a wet brush or other tool to blend and spread the pigments. It’s important the pigments blend well, otherwise, you may be left with a faint wash and telltale pencil streaks.
Woodless Pencils
This is a thick, case-less block of color pigment shaped like a pencil. These pencils will often have a lacquer coating in place of the usual casing to protect the core as well as keep the lead from smearing. Woodless pencils are usually more expensive than other brands, but they offer a lot more lead to balance out the price.
Art Pencil Terminology
Pencil Leads
Despite the name, the pencils don’t actually contain lead. Instead, the term refers to the graphite or other material forming the pencil’s core. Sticks of graphite are generally used for drawing and sketching pencils while wax or oil cores hold the pigments for colored pencils. Sometimes if you shake a pencil, you can hear a broken piece of lead rattling inside which will indicate the pencils may be damaged or poorly made.
Casing/Barrel
This is the wooden shell around the pencil’s core. Some brands will paint the casing to match the pencil’s color while others may simply have the pencil’s color and/or hardness printed on the side; with color pencils, this can make it harder to pick out the right shade.
Eraser
You may be used to having this on your writing pencil, but you don’t actually need an eraser on an art pencil. You’ll be much better off using a specialized art eraser such as a Staedtler eraser or a kneadable eraser for cleaning up graphite lines while most colored-pencil lines will be easier to disguise than to erase.
Lightfast
Lightfast is an artist’s term referring to the pigment or graphite’s ability to hold up under sunlight or other lights. Cheaper colors and materials will degrade over time, resulting in faded colors or stained drawings. If you want your work to last, find yourself some high-quality pencils.