Lutein may aid eyes, but research is scarce

Lutein, like beta carotene, is a carotenoid, or plant pigment, with antioxidant properties. It’s abundant in eggs, corn, zucchini, pumpkin and such leafy greens as spinach and kale. It’s also found in the human retina, where it may play a role in protecting the eye from ultraviolet radiation.

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Uses: Often taken in attempts to treat or prevent age-related eye diseases such as cataracts and macular degeneration, in which light-sensing cells at the center of the retina deteriorate. Some people believe it may help prevent cancer.

Dose: Supplement makers recommend 20 milligrams daily in capsule form, taken at mealtime.

Precautions: Because research on lutein supplements is still new, little is known about how safe they are.

Research: Observational studies -- studies that look for trends in populations -- show that people who get lots of lutein and zeaxanthin (another carotenoid found in the retina) in their diets have lower rates of eye disease. One study also has linked low lutein consumption to an increased risk of breast cancer. Little is known about how lutein works and whether supplements can prevent eye disease or other conditions, though a few early study results suggest it may help treat cataracts and macular degeneration.

Dietary supplement makers are not required by the U.S. government to demonstrate that their products are safe or effective. Ask your health-care provider for advice on selecting a brand.

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-- Elena Conis