Gorbachev Picks Mixed Group as Top Advisers : Soviet Union: Two novelists, a metalworker and proponents of a market economy will join traditional allies on the new Presidential Council.

When Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev appointed his new, 10-member Presidential Council on Saturday, half of them were expected--the country’s foreign minister, the defense minister, the chairman of the State Planning Committee, a close ally from the Communist Party’s Politburo and the head of the KGB, the Soviet security agency.

But there were also two of the country’s leading novelists, an agricultural reformer from the Baltic republic of Latvia, a populist worker-politician from a Siberian metal plant and a prominent economist who announced to other members of the Communist Party’s Central Committee this month that he, in fact, is a social democrat.

This mix will introduce different voices and different views--some of them likely to be radically different from those of the government and party bureaucracy--at the highest policy-making level of the Soviet government.

Established by the constitutional amendment creating an executive presidency with broad authority, the Presidential Council is charged with working out measures for the implementation of the country’s basic domestic and foreign policies and ensuring its security.

The novelists included in the council are Valentin Rasputin, 53, a Siberian whose books reflect the growing desire of Russians to return to their cultural roots and to protect the “real” Russia of the village and countryside, and Chingiz Aitmatov, 62, one of Gorbachev’s favorite writers, who won an international reputation 20 years ago with his forceful works on themes of moral integrity.

Stanislav S. Shatalin, 55, an economist favoring rapid development of a market economy to replace the present system of state-owned and centrally managed enterprises, stunned other members of the party Central Committee this month when he declared himself by philosophy to be a social democrat rather than a Communist.

Albert E. Kauls, 50, is chairman of a Latvian agricultural firm that attempts to combine capitalist, market-oriented management techniques with the principles of socialist ownership and welfare. He also is chairman of a Latvian farmers organization and a member of the Congress of People’s Deputies.

Veniamin A. Yarin, a metalworker in the Sverdlovsk region, began to propound a populist, Russian nationalist program for economic reform at the Communist Party conference two years ago and has since become an active member of the Supreme Soviet, the country’s legislature.

The officials named to the council also include Foreign Minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze; Alexander N. Yakovlev, the Central Committee secretary for international affairs; Gen. Dmitri T. Yazov, the defense minister; Yuri D. Maslyukov, first deputy prime minister and chairman of the State Planning Committee, and Vladimir A. Kryuchkov, chairman of the State Security Committee, or the KGB.

Shevardnadze and Yakovlev are believed to be Gorbachev’s closest allies in the party’s Politburo, and Kryuchkov and Yazov have been loyal supporters at critical junctures over the past two years.