Discussion Styles Vary

There are several types of formalized conversational groups, including salons, councils and study circles. Here’s a bit about each:

SALON: From the French word for “drawing room.” The primary intent is spirited group discussion and exchange of ideas; gossip may be a secondary ingredient. Salon locations vary, but a private home is ideal, with enough space to seat the entire group in a circle. A host usually modulates the conversation. The salon’s focus or purpose may include any one or combination of the following:

Conversational exchange with kindred spirits on ideas of mutual concern.

Trend-watching, making explicit one’s previously unspoken thoughts and hearing the thinking of others on the current drift, course or spirit of the times.

Learning, in the context of formal presentations by group members or invited guests.

Co-creation of music, art, literature or any other collaborative effort that involves head, hands and heart.

Support, in the form of a group response to critical cultural and social issues.

Joint action, whether artistic, political or informational, that moves the group outward from itself.

COUNCIL: A process that draws on the Native-American tradition and the heritage of the extended family, as well as the instinct to create personal and collective myth. More deliberate and meditative than salons.

Emphasizes “devout listening” and unpremeditated speaking, and may work better for groups that already have some history. More ceremonial than social, with the focus on community rather than conversation. Two leaders or facilitators keep the process on track. In order to empower each person to speak in turn, with no interruption, an object or “talking stick” is passed around the circle, traditionally in the clockwise or sun direction. This object may be anything from a fresh flower to a hand-crafted artifact. The rules when in possession of the talking stick are: Speak honestly, be brief and listen from the heart.

Council interweaves storytelling, decision-making, conflict resolution through mutual reflection and deep, honest personal sharing.

STUDY CIRCLE: A democratic, small-group discussion format, geared for adult learning and social or political change. Discussions are directed by a well-prepared leader who maintains a lively but focused discussion based on reading material participants have received in advance.

Study circles are extremely popular in Scandinavia, where one-third of the adult population participates. Various viewpoints are always considered. Common ground is sought in the end, but consensus or compromise is not necessary. Study circles have been used successfully by businesses, unions, civic organizations, and religious, advocacy and community groups to educate and empower their membership.