Protein That Triggers Cell ‘Suicide’ May Lead to Cures : Science File / An exploration of issues and trends affecting science, medicine and the environment

Canadian and U.S. scientists have found a protein that triggers self-destruction of human cells, possibly opening the door to new treatments for diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s and AIDS. All cells have a “program” that leads to cell death, either at the end of a specific period or after exposure to a hazard like radiation or chemical contamination. This process of suicide, known as apoptosis, is vital to health.

Donald Nicholson of the Merck Frosst Center for Therapeutic Research in Quebec and colleagues in the United States said the enzyme CPP32, which they have renamed apopain, is the key. Using human cells in a test tube culture, they found that the enzyme simulated characteristics of apoptosis, including shrinking cells and the splitting of genetic material. They hope to find a drug that will mimic this process, killing cancerous and HIV-infected cells.