Butterbur may ease migraines, allergies
In medieval Europe the butterbur plant was used to treat victims of the plague -- to little avail. But in the centuries that followed, preparations made from the shrub’s roots did offer relief to people with fever, chronic coughs and wounds. The plant, which grows in damp forests throughout Europe and Asia, contains compounds known as petasines, which are thought to be the key to its ability to fight inflammation and quell muscle spasms. The plant takes its scientific name (Petasites hybridus) from petasos, the Greek word for shepherd’s hat, which the large leaves resemble.
Uses: Butterbur extracts (sometimes labeled Petasites extract) are widely marketed in Germany as a migraine and tension headache drug. Butterbur has also been used to treat or prevent seasonal allergies, asthma, chronic cough, cramps, kidney stones and urinary conditions.
Dose: For migraine and tension headaches, take 50 to 75 milligrams twice a day (studies suggest the higher dose may offer greater relief). For allergies, take up to three tablets a day. Butterbur supplements are often sold as 50-milligram softgels.
Precautions: Wild butterbur contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, toxic compounds that can cause severe liver damage and cancer. The compounds are removed in most commercial butterbur preparations, but check labels to be sure. Butterbur supplements can also cause minor stomach upset.
Research: Much of the research on butterbur extract has been conducted in Europe, particularly Germany and Switzerland. A number of clinical trials have shown that butterbur root extract can reduce the frequency of migraines and tension headaches in adults, teens and children. Several studies have also shown it can cut down on the number of attacks suffered by people with asthma, and that it’s comparable to over-the-counter antihistamines when it comes to managing the sneezing and runny nose and eyes associated with hay fever or dust allergies. More recent research has focused on the plant’s antioxidant powers, but findings are far too preliminary to draw any conclusions.
Dietary supplement makers are not required by the U.S. government to demonstrate that their products are safe or effective. Ask your healthcare provider for advice on selecting a brand.
