Science

BIOLOGISTS AND CHEMISTS

Stanford pathologist who developed a standardized scale for interpreting biopsy results in heart transplants.

Nobel Peace Prize recipient created a system of plant breeding and crop management in the 1940s that created huge harvests.

Chemist who overcame both religious and sexual prejudice to make major contributions in applying physics to problems of biology.

French Nobel laureate who discovered the human leukocyte antigen or HLA system on human tissue that made tissue typing for transplants possible.

Scientist awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Scholar played leading role in the founding of the philosophy of biology.

Leader of one of two teams that first broke through the wall between chemistry and biology by synthesizing an enzyme -- a key component of life -- in the laboratory.

Scientist helped discover how cells build proteins.

Fisheries biologist who was the son of poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes, of suicide.

Israel's fourth president and an internationally recognized biophysicist.

Nobel laureate who co-discovered the mechanism by which a wide variety of processes are turned on and off within cells.

Researcher showed that excessive drinking can damage the liver.

A germ warfare scientist whose top-secret projects included a mock attack on the New York subway with powdered bacteria in 1966.

UCLA scientist made key discoveries in immunology

Biochemist who pioneered the process of determining the structure of proteins and led the first scientific delegation to China.

Internationally known expert on citrus breeding and a longtime professor of botany and plant sciences at UC Riverside.

Emeritus senior curator of ornithology and mammalogy at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County.

Russian emigre who was the first researcher in the United States to perform chorionic villus sampling to detect birth defects.

UC San Diego researcher was pioneer in artificial-blood field.

Veterinary scientist helped create the first cloned mule.

Scientist who cloned the first farm animal in the U.S.

Scientist helped discover transfer RNA, a crucial molecule in the synthesis of proteins in the cell.

EPA scientist whose work was instrumental in banning the nation's most widely used termite pesticide.

Stanford chemist who was a pioneer in determining the structure of complex natural molecules and then synthesizing them.

PYHSICSISTS AND MATHEMATICIANS

Danish physicist and Nobel Prize winner whose father, Niels, also won a Nobel Prize

U.S. Geological Survey volcanologist who predicted Mt. St. Helens eruption.

Physics professor who captured the first image of a single atom and later obtained the first images of atoms in motion.

A geophysicist and mathematician whose statistical research and expert testimony led to the U.S. Supreme Court decision that eliminated sex bias in newspaper want ads.

Russian mathematician laid the foundation for the imaging abilities of MRI and CT scanners.

Rand Corp. mathematician and inventor whose near-blindness led him to help others with limited sight.

Nobel Prize-winning Russian physicist and one of the fathers of the Soviet hydrogen bomb.

Computer scientist and Stanford University professor who developed new ways to search enormous databases and mentored the founders of Google.

Los Alamos National Laboratory scientist who worked on the Manhattan Project and later created an influential neutron center at the facility.

Scripps geophysicist whose study of the ocean floor helped lay the foundation for the theory of tectonic plates and continental drift.

Geophysicist who developed key instruments for mapping the Earth's magnetic fields.

Physicist in the development of the atomic bomb who later became an arms-control advocate and founding chancellor of UC San Diego.

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS

USC professor of safety science and one of the world's foremost authorities on motorcycle crashes and their causes.

American economist

French philosopher widely considered the father of modern anthropology.

Italian sociologist lived in caves to study isolation.

Pioneer in the field of psychiatric epidemiology, which looks at the roots of abnormal behavior.

UC Berkeley psychologist was pioneer in research on the brain

First American to win a Nobel prize in economics

SPACE AND ENGINEERING

Engineer-turned-consumer advocate whose campaign against sugary cereals led manufacturers to disclose and improve the nutritional value of their products.

Aerospace scientist invented Taser stun gun.

German rocket scientist helped design the Saturn V and V-2 rockets.

Spacecraft designer and cosmonaut.

Library of Congress expert on space law and policy who helped shape legislation creating NASA.

"Voice" of manned space flight for NASA's Gemini and Apollo programs.

Longtime Caltech physics professor and researcher who specialized in aerodynamics and fluid mechanics.

Scientist developed sensors for infrared astronomy.

Smithsonian geochemist was the first to discover that a rock found in Antarctica came from the moon.

Helped engineer the technology that paved the way for the world's first cellular phone during a 45-year career at Motorola, where he was president from 1980 to 1995.

As a girl she suggested Pluto as planet's name.

Aeronautical engineer considered the father of modern hang gliding for inventing a flexible wing in 1948.

Aeronautical innovations help airplanes fly farther and faster using less fuel.

Rocket scientist helped establish JPL at Caltech but was deported on suspicion of being a Communist.