At least 138 deported to El Salvador from the U.S. were killed, report says

At least 138 people deported to El Salvador from the U.S. in recent years were subsequently killed, Human Rights Watch says in a new report that comes as the Trump administration makes it harder for Central Americans to seek refuge in the United States.

A majority of the deaths documented by Human Rights Watch in the report released Wednesday occurred less than a year after the deportees returned to El Salvador, and some within days. The organization also confirmed at least 70 cases of sexual assault or other violence after the returnees’ arrival in the country.

The violence underscores the risk faced by people forced to return by U.S. law that mandates deportation of noncitizens convicted of a range of crimes and Trump administration policies that discourage asylum seekers, said Alison Leal Parker, the group’s U.S. managing director.

“Our concern is that many of these people are facing a death sentence,” Leal Parker said.

Between 2014 and 2018, the U.S. deported about 111,000 Salvadorans back to their homeland, which has long been in the grip of fierce gang violence.

The United Nations reported last year that the number of killings in El Salvador, a majority of them linked to gang conflict, has decreased from a peak of more than 6,000 in 2015. But the country still has one of the highest homicide rates in the world.

Meanwhile, the number of Salvadorans seeking asylum in the United States grew by nearly a thousandfold between 2012 and 2017, many citing threats from gangs. Only about 18% are granted asylum.

Human Rights Watch confirmed the 138 deaths during that period through official records, interviews with families and media accounts but believes the actual toll is much higher, in part because some aren’t recorded due to the stigma of having been deported from the United States. The number of assaults is also low probably because of underreporting in the country of 6.5 million.

César Ríos, executive director of the Salvadoran Migration Institute, a nongovernmental organization, said that no one in the country tracks the deaths of deportees but that he found the data credible, saying it reflects the reality that many are moving back to communities in the grip of the gangs.

“We can say that deporting people to these areas is very difficult and dangerous,” Rios said.

President Trump has made immigration enforcement a centerpiece of his administration, and that has included a policy of forcing asylum seekers from Central America to wait in Mexico while their claims are evaluated or sent back to their homelands if their claim is rejected.

Previously, many of those asylum seekers could have been released on parole in the U.S. while waiting for a decision that could take a year or more. The Department of Homeland Security says it’s trying to make the process more efficient and crack down on fraudulent claims.

But Leal Parker and other critics say this report, and previous efforts that have documented violence against Salvadorans waiting in Mexican border towns for their claims to be processed, shows the risks of the Trump administration policy.

“We are deeply concerned by the Trump administration’s effort to literally eviscerate the right to seek asylum in the United States,” she said.

Human Rights Watch urged the administration to repeal the policy that requires asylum seekers to wait in Mexico along with the agreements that allow Guatemalans, Salvadorans and Hondurans to be settled elsewhere in Central America while seeking refuge. Asylum seekers also seek the reversal of restrictions that made it harder for them to claim U.S. asylum because of threats posed by gangs or gender-based violence.