Locked in deadly power struggle, Sudan’s top general says he’s committed to civilian rule
Sudan’s top general Friday declared the military’s commitment to a civilian-led government, an apparent bid for international support as brutal fighting between his forces and a powerful paramilitary group derailed hopes for the country’s democratic transition.
In his first speech since the conflict engulfed Sudan nearly a week ago, army chief Gen. Abdel Fattah Burhan vowed that the military would prevail and secure the vast African nation’s “safe transition to civilian rule.” But for many Sudanese, Burhan’s claim rang hollow 18 months after he joined forces with his current rival to seize power in a coup that cast aside Sudan’s pro-democracy forces.
Burhan’s announcement came on the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan and its month of fasting. “We are confident that we will overcome this ordeal with our training, wisdom and strength,” Burhan said, pledging to preserve “the security and unity of the state.”
The holiday — typically filled with prayer, celebration and feasting — was a somber one in Sudan as gunshots rang out across the capital of Khartoum and heavy smoke billowed over the skyline.
“Instead of waking up to the call to prayer, people in Khartoum again woke up to heavy fighting,” said Norway’s ambassador to Sudan, Endre Stiansen. “Can any hell be more horrible than this?”
Mosques held mass morning prayers indoors to protect worshipers from the intensified fighting. The violence so far has killed 413 people and wounded 3,551 others, according to the latest toll from the World Health Organization. That includes at least nine children killed and 50 wounded in the fighting, said the United Nations Children’s Fund.
Fighting in Sudan between forces loyal to two top generals has put that nation at risk of collapse and could have consequences far beyond its borders.
Dallia Abdelmoniem, a 37-year-old baker from Khartoum, fled with her family Thursday after a rocket sliced through her roof. The road to the city’s outskirts was littered with dead bodies, she said. Abdelmoniem covered the eyes of her nieces and nephews.
“There is no safe place anymore in Khartoum,” she said from her new shelter outside the capital, where she could still hear the howl of artillery and gunfire Friday. “Our No. 1 priority is just to stay alive.”
The explosions rocking Khartoum followed frenzied international calls for a holiday cease-fire. After the U.N. and U.S. Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken urged a pause in the spiraling violence, the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces promised to stop fighting for the three days of Eid al-Fitr to allow for evacuations and safe corridors. But there was no response from Burhan’s military.
The two generals vying for control over the vast African nation are also vying for acceptance by foreign powers, which have expressed support for Sudanese seeking a transition to civilian rule. Both Burhan and his rival, Rapid Support Forces chief Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, have sought to portray themselves as supporters of democracy. In 2019, they turned against longtime autocrat Omar Bashir and pushed him out of power amid a popular uprising against his rule.
Sudan’s military coup leaders and the country’s main pro-democracy group have signed a deal to establish a civilian-led transitional government.
But since then, they have failed to implement agreements under which they would hand over power. Their forces crushed pro-democracy protests, and in 2021 they jointly carried out a coup that removed a transitional government and entrenched them as Sudan’s most powerful leaders.
The current explosion of violence between them came after Burhan and Dagalo fell out over a recent internationally brokered deal with democracy activists that was meant to incorporate the RSF into the military and eventually lead to civilian rule.
Since Saturday, the military and RSF have shown no sign of deescalating their fight. The army Thursday ruled out negotiations with the RSF, saying it would only accept the group’s surrender.
The violence has already pushed Sudan’s population to the brink and opened a dark and tumultuous chapter in the country’s history. Fears are mounting that the chaos in the strategically located nation could draw in its neighbors, including Chad, Egypt and Libya.
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The bombardments and sniper fire have hit civilian infrastructure, including hospitals, over the past week. World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Friday decried what he called the “reprehensible” attacks on medical facilities, saying they “not only jeopardize the lives of healthcare workers but also deprive vulnerable populations of essential medical care.”
WHO spokeswoman Margaret Harris told reporters in Geneva that the violence has forced 20 health facilities nationwide to halt operations. A dozen other hospitals are at risk of shutting down, threatening some 50,000 severely malnourished children in Sudan who are administered regular feeding by tubes to survive, according to UNICEF.
Both the military and the RSF have a long history of human rights abuses in Sudan. The RSF was born of the janjaweed militias, which were accused of widespread atrocities when the government deployed them to put down a rebellion in Sudan’s western Darfur region in the early 2000s.
“It’s really hard to remain calm,” said Abdelmoniem, describing shortages of fuel, medicine, cash and food causing desperation in much of Khartoum.
“People are telling me, ‘Happy Eid,’” she added. “But then I turn on the news.”
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