Pope Francis calls on Israel, Palestinians to back two-state solution

On a day bookended by visits to the sites of Jesus’ birth and death, Pope Francis on Sunday called on Palestinians and Israelis to recognize that “there is simply no other way” than a two-state solution for them to coexist peacefully after decades of conflict and bloodshed.

The pontiff repeated that message in both Bethlehem and Jerusalem on the second day of a whistle-stop tour of the Middle East that the Vatican insists is purely a religious journey.

But Francis surprised observers by trying to give the moribund peace process a boost with an unexpected invitation to Israeli President Shimon Peres and Palestinian Authority leader Mahmoud Abbas to meet him at the Vatican next month to pray for peace. The offices of the two men said that they had accepted the invitation.

“For the good of all, there is a need to intensify efforts and initiatives aimed at creating the conditions for a stable peace,” the pope declared after talks with Abbas in Bethlehem, in the West Bank, on Sunday morning.

Francis urged officials to show courage in the attempt “to forge a peace which rests on the acknowledgment by all of the right of two states to exist and to live in peace and security within internationally recognized borders.”

It was an exhortation likely to raise few objections during a three-day visit full of potential political pitfalls. But it was backed by the moral authority of a religious leader who has become one of the most respected and popular figures on the world stage since assuming the papacy last year.

In Tel Aviv, after Francis arrived by helicopter from Bethlehem, Peres said that Israel’s hand would remain “extended in peace.”

“The sacrifices of peace are preferable to the threat of war,” Peres told the pope as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, a military guard of honor and clerics of various — and colorful — stripes looked on. Vatican and Israeli flags fluttered in the wind.

In Bethlehem, Francis met privately with Abbas before celebrating Mass in Manger Square, next to the church that stands over the cave where tradition holds Jesus was born. Then, at Abbas’ suggestion and in a departure from the official itinerary, the pope was driven to the north of Bethlehem to see the massive barrier that Israel has erected around much of the city, enclosing it on three sides.

In an impromptu gesture, the pontiff laid a hand on the controversial partition and said a brief prayer.

“The pope is full of surprises,” said Yousef Daher, a Palestinian Christian from Jerusalem, who helped organize the papal visit to Bethlehem.

Under brilliant sunshine, thousands of worshipers greeted Francis enthusiastically in Manger Square, including many Arab Christians who had journeyed to Bethlehem from the northern Israeli cities of Haifa and Nazareth, where Jesus was raised.

The pope celebrated Mass on a platform erected in front of a huge mural of the Nativity, which depicted the infant Jesus swaddled in a black-and-white-checked kaffiyeh of the kind that the late Yasser Arafat habitually wore and that many in the crowd had draped over their shoulders.

The pope’s sermon steered clear of politics, focusing instead on one of his favorite themes: the importance of children and their welfare in a conflict-ridden world.

“All too many children continue to be exploited, maltreated, enslaved, prey to violence and illicit trafficking. Still too many children live in exile, as refugees, at times lost at sea, particularly in the waters of the Mediterranean,” Francis said. “Today, in acknowledging this, we feel shame before God, before God who became a child.”

In spite of the avowedly religious nature of his visit, the Vatican has strived to make sure that the pope’s activities in the Holy Land are politically balanced, which in the vexed context of the Mideast conflict amounts to ruffling feathers in equal measure on both sides.

Some in Israel grumbled over Francis’ unusual decision to land first in the West Bank before going on to Israel, a move that Palestinians eagerly seized on as affirmation of their aspiration for statehood.

But Palestinian officials were dismayed by Francis’ plan to become the first pontiff to lay a wreath on the grave of Theodor Herzl, the founder of Zionism, in an attempt to erase the hostility of a previous pope who refused to support the nascent movement more than a century ago.

Underscoring the political and psychological gulf separating the two sides, Francis had to fly by helicopter to Tel Aviv for his official welcome in Israel rather than make the land journey of just a few miles from Bethlehem to Jerusalem, where all his appointments Monday are concentrated.

“Jerusalem, of course, means ‘city of peace,’” Francis said in his official remarks on the tarmac of Ben Gurion Airport. “Yet sadly, Jerusalem remains deeply troubled as a result of long-standing conflicts.”

Senior statesman Peres, who at 90 will step down from the Israeli presidency in July, called Francis a “modest and farsighted shepherd.” He thanked the pope for standing up against anti-Semitism and assured him that Israel was committed to religious freedom, a special concern of the Vatican in view of the large numbers of Christians, mostly Palestinians, who have fled the Holy Land as a result of the ongoing conflict.

Francis pressed Abbas on the same point earlier in Bethlehem.

On Sunday evening in Jerusalem, Francis met Bartholomew I, the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the historic encounter between their predecessors, which launched a rapprochement between the two branches of Christianity after centuries of antagonism.

The two religious leaders prayed together at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, built on the site where Jesus is said to have been crucified and buried before his resurrection. In an unusual act of humility, from a pope who has made such gestures his trademark, Francis kissed Bartholomew’s hand.

“Let us put aside the misgivings we have inherited from the past and open our hearts to the working of the Holy Spirit, the spirit of love and of truth,” the pope said, “in order to hasten together towards that blessed day when our full communion will be restored.”

Special correspondents Sobelman and Abukhater reported from Jerusalem and Bethlehem, respectively, and Times staff writer Chu from London.