Study Supports Merits of Preschool

A 15-year study of a Head Start-style preschool program for poor children bolsters the idea that early childhood education yields big benefits later in life, reducing crime and dropout rates.

Children who participated in the Chicago Child-Parent Center Program for one or two years were much less likely to engage in crime as teens or to drop out of high school than children who attended full-day kindergarten.

The federally funded program serves public school children in Chicago’s most poverty-stricken neighborhoods for five to six years, starting at age 3. The program tries to get parents involved in their youngsters’ education, and it emphasizes literacy.

The study found that the preschool years made the most difference in lowering dropout and crime rates 15 years later, said professor Arthur Reynolds of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, who led the research. The study appears in today’s Journal of the American Medical Assn.

The research, along with studies on similar programs, shows that it is feasible to successfully implement such programs on a more widespread basis, said Reid Lyon, chief of child development and behavior at the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which helped fund the study.

Lyon, an advisor to President Bush, said the results will help the administration in its effort to develop an early childhood education initiative.

The researchers followed 989 children who participated in the Chicago program and 550 children who attended full-day public kindergarten in Chicago. The children were poor, most of them black and born in 1980.

Nearly half of the children who had one or two years in the preschool program completed high school, compared with about 38% of the comparison group.

Rates of children being held back or needing special education were both significantly lower for children in the preschool program.