For menopausal symptoms

With warnings that hormone replacement therapy may be unsafe for long-term use, women are turning to natural remedies for relief from menopausal symptoms. The most popular supplement, an herb called black cohosh, was used by Native Americans for kidney ailments, malaria and women’s reproductive problems. White American settlers learned of it in the 1800s; it was the key mystery ingredient in the popular, turn-of-the-century Vegetable Compound tonic.

Uses: Today, black cohosh is used primarily to relieve menopausal symptoms, particularly hot flashes; premenstrual symptoms; and pain during menstruation. Some scientists have suggested black cohosh may have anti-inflammatory properties.

Dose: Typically, 40 milligrams a day.

Precautions: The herb appears to be safe for up to six months and doesn’t appear to interact with drugs, but little is known about long-term use. It sometimes causes mild gastrointestinal discomfort.

Research: German studies have shown black cohosh to be effective for the short-term treatment of menopausal symptoms. The U.S. government is conducting a study on black cohosh and hot flashes.

Dietary supplement makers are not required by the U.S. government to demonstrate that their products are safe or effective. Seek a health-care provider’s advice on selecting a brand.