No Cessation to the Fire in Liberia

Government militiamen and rebel fighters continued to harass civilians and clash with one another in the countryside Sunday, despite a cease-fire agreement reached last week between Liberian officials and insurgent leaders.

On the road to the port city of Buchanan, which was only recently made accessible to journalists, numerous soldiers and rebels interviewed complained of nightly attacks by the other side. Three or four fighters were reported killed over the last three days by gunmen at checkpoints.

Hundreds of civilians also were on the highway, walking toward Monrovia. Many said they were seeking to escape physical abuse and thieving by government soldiers.

And inside Buchanan, about 60 miles southeast of Monrovia, renegade rebels of the Movement for Democracy in Liberia, or MODEL, were intimidating residents in displacement camps and sacking businesses.

The continuing unrest in rural Liberia stood in contrast to Monrovia, which has been relatively peaceful since West African peacekeepers landed almost two weeks ago. Most of the fighters with the biggest rebel group -- the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy, or LURD -- pulled out of the capital.

Hundreds more West African peacekeepers arrived in Monrovia over the weekend, bringing their total number to more than 1,000. They have been joined by about 200 U.S. Marines. The peacekeeping force is seeking to end the almost 14 years of war that had flared into heavy fighting in the capital in recent months.

Peace talks continued Sunday in Ghana between rebel factions and the government of President Moses Blah, who assumed office last week after his predecessor, Charles Taylor, went into exile in Nigeria. Negotiators from LURD dropped a key demand that their movement be given one of the highest posts in an interim government, Associated Press reported, leading to hopes that a power-sharing agreement might be signed today.

For the first time in several weeks, churches in the capital opened their doors Sunday to standing-room-only crowds, a sign that residents were trying to get their lives back to normal.

But outside of Monrovia, it appeared that the situation had not greatly improved for ordinary Liberians.

Elijah Barkley, 23, was among the procession of people on the highway walking toward Monrovia who complained of rough treatment by poorly trained and undisciplined government soldiers. Barkley had fled Monrovia during the height of the fighting over the last two months, but now found that his new location was also unsafe.

“They tied my arms with rope,” said Barkley, showing ligature marks on his biceps. Liberian fighters on both sides have tied up people as a form of torture -- eventually circulation ceases and gangrene can set in.

Jimmy Carter, 23, who was walking along the road near the village of Jaco Town, said soldiers attacked his village in the night, stealing tents and food, and beating several villagers with the flat sides of machetes. Soldiers also raped one woman, he said.

“They said that President Blah had not paid them and had abandoned them” when Blah flew to Ghana last week for peace negotiations, Carter said.

In Buchanan, the situation is similarly tense. Most of the city’s 80,000 residents have fled into the surrounding bush or are crammed into displaced people’s camps at church compounds and schools, which have been invaded nightly by renegade MODEL fighters in search of food and supplies.

While rebels in Monrovia last week looted food storehouses for the United Nations and other nongovernmental organizations -- creating their own chaotic food distribution program -- such large storehouses don’t exist in Buchanan.

Although negotiators in Ghana agreed over the weekend to give relief agencies safe passage throughout the country, the organizations are still concerned about security. They have not distributed significant food supplies to Monrovia, much less Buchanan -- which is about three hours’ drive from the capital in normal times, along a highway now disrupted by 20 checkpoints staffed by gunmen.

Attired in fatigues, Sean Jean T-shirts, choir gowns and women’s dresses, government militiamen and rebel fighters rushed out from commandeered huts along the highway as cars approached. At many of the checkpoints, rows of shell casings standing on end, lines of coconut husks or fresh leaves were put in the road to slow passing vehicles. Fighters on both sides demanded cigarettes and blamed their enemy for ongoing hostilities.

The fighters said that gun battles had taken place every night since Thursday inside the negotiated buffer area north of the Saint John River, about 10 miles north of Buchanan.

Buchanan itself is a sorry sight these days. Beyond the bullet-ridden welcome sign are broken shop windows, vehicles without wheels, and doors and cupboards left ajar. A sign at the last checkpoint before the city says, “No monkey put foot,” a warning that government supporters should stay out.

Rickety cars and trucks ferried gun-toting youths around by the dozen. Sporadic automatic gunfire rang out every few minutes. In the center of the city, an old man was splayed out on a sidewalk, looking very near death.

A reporter arriving Saturday was met almost immediately by the second-in-command of MODEL forces in Buchanan, who drove up in a green Mitsubishi truck and introduced himself as Dragon Father -- not to be confused with one of LURD’s top commanders, Gen. Dragon Master. Dragon Father, a stout, large-eyed man with a demeanor that fits his paternal nom de guerre, was once a member of the late President Samuel Doe’s military, which was trained by Israeli and American soldiers.

He lamented that many of MODEL’s newest recruits are not as disciplined as he. Many are young -- one fighter, who could not be older than 14, wobbled on the back of Dragon Father’s truck with a rocket-propelled grenade dangling from his hand.

At a city clinic, a wounded civilian said he was shot by a rebel who fired at the ground in front of him.

“He made me carry his load and then he told me to ‘Get out of here,’ and he shot the ground,” said Daniel Garwaay, 23, the only civilian among the clinic’s six wounded patients. This appeared to disturb Dragon Father, who said that his fighters were searching for the errant shooter.

Many of Buchanan’s residents have taken refuge at several camps throughout the town. Sanitation is poor, with overflowing latrines and single water pumps shared by thousands of people. There are 8,000 refugees at the Peter Claver Roman Catholic Church, bunched under trees and tarps. Nathan A. Onumah, of the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission, complained that MODEL rebels invaded the walled compound last week and took away 20 suspected government sympathizers. They were returned unharmed after priests made entreaties to rebel leaders.

At the United Methodist Church across town, camp leader Cassius Francis Summerville was clearing everything out of his office to make space for more of the facility’s 5,600 displaced people.

“There are still more coming from surrounding villages,” Summerville said.

On Thursday night, he said, MODEL fighters had come into the camp and stolen money. The rebels killed one convalescing elderly man by snatching him out of bed, accusing him of pretending to be ill and slamming him to the ground.

“He died very slowly; by morning he was gone,” Summerville said. “If they take over an area, they should provide maximum security for the people.”

Mary Davis, a 43-year-old mother of 10, said she has lost her voice, screaming during the nightly attacks.

“It is very frustrating,” she said, speaking in the local Bassa vernacular. “I lost three of my children. I was in the forest fetching palm nuts when soldiers started fighting. I haven’t seen them since.” Davis believes that her three grown sons have been forcibly recruited by MODEL.

Shortly after Davis’ comments, there was a commotion in the main courtyard. People crowded around Dragon Father’s green truck as rebels threw two young rebels off the back. The youths, who were stripped down to their underwear and tied wrist to ankle, were suspected of having invaded the camp, and MODEL brought them to be identified by the refugees, who pointed and jeered at the prisoners.

The youths’ former comrades slapped them in the head and swung rifle butts into their backs, before roughly hauling them back into the truck and driving away, satisfied that they had found the right renegades. Sometime later, the overall commander of Buchanan’s MODEL fighters, Gen. Kai “Miracle One” Farley Jr., said rather dispassionately that the two youths would be executed “as an example to the others.”

On Sunday, Monrovia seemed a nation away. At Sacred Heart Cathedral, the Roman Catholic Church downtown, Archbishop Michael K. Francis led the congregation in singing “We Shall Overcome” and spoke about the moral duty of Liberians to pray for peace.

“We are fed up and tired of suffering,” Francis told the packed church. “And God doesn’t want us to suffer. We do that to ourselves.”

Dragon Father and Farley expressed much the same sentiment during an interview earlier in the day at the old Olympic Tree Co. barracks in Buchanan. They said they were praying for peace -- in the form of West African peacekeepers arriving in the port city. Both said they were anxious to lay down their arms.

“The other night we saw some of our brothers and relatives fighting for the government side,” said Farley. “We stopped fighting and shared tears.”