Plant extract used to lower cholesterol

Policosanol is the general term for supplements containing fatty alcohols taken from the waxes of plants such as sugar cane and yams. Some policosanol products contain fatty alcohols derived from beeswax. The supplements are often compared to statin drugs for their reported ability to lower “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and increase levels of “good” cholesterol (HDL).

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Uses: Policosanol is most often used to reduce cholesterol. It’s also sometimes taken to boost energy and improve sexual performance.

Dose: Recommended doses start at 5 milligrams once a day, in tablet or capsule form. After a few months, users can increase their dose to 10 milligrams daily, but doses should never exceed 20 milligrams a day.

Precautions: Side effects can include weight loss, headache, dizziness, upset stomach and skin rash. Some people have also reported sleeping difficulties. Because policosanol can thin the blood, it shouldn’t be taken with other blood-thinning drugs or supplements.

Research: Several recent preliminary clinical trials in humans have shown that the versions made from sugar cane are effective in reducing LDL and increasing HDL, as well as reducing blood pressure. Research also has shown that such supplements can alleviate leg pain caused by intermittent claudication, a condition marked by poor circulation in the legs. Studies examining the effects of policosanol made from beeswax or other plants -- including yams, sunflowers and wheat germ -- have produced mixed results. And so far, there’s no scientific evidence to support claims that the supplement boosts energy or improves sexual performance.

Dietary supplement makers are not required by the U.S. government to demonstrate that their products are safe or effective. Ask your healthcare provider for advice on selecting a brand.

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-- Elena Conis