After possible pipeline sabotage, EU vows retaliation if its energy network is attacked
The European Union suspects that damage to two underwater natural gas pipelines was sabotage and is warning of retaliation for any attack on Europe’s energy networks, a senior official said Wednesday as energy companies began ramping up security.
The episode underscored the vulnerability of Europe’s energy infrastructure and further heightened tensions on the continent, which has been rocked by the seven-month war in Ukraine. Poland and some experts said that Russia was probably to blame and that it could benefit from further energy market instability.
Seismologists reported Tuesday that explosions rattled the Baltic Sea before unusual leaks were discovered in two underwater natural gas pipelines running from Russia to Germany. The incidents came as the EU struggles to keep a lid on soaring gas and electricity prices.
“All available information indicates those leaks are the result of a deliberate act,” EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said in a statement on behalf of the bloc’s 27 members. “Any deliberate disruption of European energy infrastructure is utterly unacceptable and will be met with a robust and united response.”
Some European leaders and experts pointed to possible sabotage given the energy standoff with Russia provoked by the war in Ukraine. The three leaks were reported on the Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines, which are filled with natural gas but aren’t delivering the fuel to Europe.
The pipelines allow gas to be delivered to Germany without transiting through Ukraine or Poland. The extent of the damage, along with the political ramifications, raises serious doubts about the future of the Nord Stream project. Germany was heavily criticized for the project by the U.S. and many of its European partners, which said that it only increased Europe’s reliance on Russian gas imports.
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While it remains unknown who might be responsible for the damage, given its undersea location, Polish Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau said Tuesday that the leaks could be part of Russia’s hybrid war on NATO.
“The explosions took place very close to Danish territorial waters but not inside them, because that would have meant NATO territory,” Rau said during a discussion at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.
“This could mean that someone is trying to intimidate the countries of the Baltic Sea. With the exception of Russia, all these countries are NATO members or are aspiring to membership,” he said.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said allegations that Russia could be behind the incidents were “predictable and stupid.” He told reporters in a conference call that the damage had caused Russia huge economic losses.
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Although many eyes have turned toward Russia, Anders Puck Nielsen, a researcher with the Center for Maritime Operations at the Royal Danish Defense College, said it would be hard to establish who is responsible, and just as tough to prevent similar incidents.
“We have pipelines; we have communication cables like the internet; we have just power lines running on the seabed. All of this is vulnerable, and our societies are very dependent on it. And it’s very, very difficult to monitor what’s going on and to prevent a case of sabotage,” he said.
The head of the Danish Energy Agency, Kristoffer Bottzauw, expects gas to continue leaking from the damaged pipelines until the end of the week. Only then, he told Danish media, can experts “try to get out and investigate what the cause is and approach the pipes.”
The gas is not poisonous, experts say, but does contain methane, which is a potent greenhouse gas that increases global warming.
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A spokesman for German Chancellor Olaf Scholz declined to respond to media reports that the CIA had warned Germany earlier this summer that the pipelines could be attacked. “But let me say that, according to our findings, there is no evidence that there is a natural cause for the pressure drop in the pipelines,” spokesman Steffen Hebestreit told reporters.
Borrell said the EU would support any investigation into the damage and would “take further steps to increase our resilience in energy security.”
Energy companies and governments are already acting. The Norwegian state oil company, Equinor, said it has decided to raise the level of preparedness, according to national broadcaster NRK. The alert was raised overnight and applies to all of Equinor’s facilities in Norway.
Norway isn’t a member of the EU, but is a major producer of offshore oil and gas. Its energy exports have surged as European countries scramble to find alternatives to Russian supplies.
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The Norwegian government decided Tuesday to boost security around its energy infrastructure, land facilities and installations on the Norwegian continental shelf after reports of an increase in unidentified drone flights.
Denmark’s defense minister, Morten Bodskov, met Wednesday with NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg to discuss the incidents. The Danish Ministry of Defense said it also believes “that the violations occurred as a result of a deliberate act.”
Bodskov warned in a statement that “there is reason to be concerned about the security situation in the Baltic Sea region. Despite the war efforts in Ukraine, Russia has a significant military presence in the Baltic Sea region and we expect them to continue their saber rattling.”
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