Israel’s next target in Gaza war is likely Rafah. Terrified people say there’s nowhere left to go

Gaza’s southernmost town, Rafah, is bursting at the seams.

It is among the last places Israel has not invaded, and its population has more than quintupled, with Palestinians streaming in to escape the fighting. They pack by the dozens into apartments. Sidewalks and once-empty lots are clogged with tents full of families.

Panic and despair are rising after Israel said it intends to attack Rafah next. The estimated 1.5 million people sheltering there — more than half of Gaza’s population — have nowhere to flee in the face of an offensive that has leveled large swaths of the urban landscape in the rest of the territory.

Some are just sick of running.

“We’re exhausted. Seriously, we’re exhausted. Israel can do whatever it wants. I’m sitting in my tent. I’ll die in my tent,” said Jihan al-Hawajri, who fled from the far north down the length of the Gaza Strip and now lives with 30 relatives in a tent.

U.N. officials warn that an attack on Rafah would be catastrophic, with more than 600,000 children in the path of an assault. A move on the town and surrounding area also could cause the collapse of the humanitarian aid system that is struggling to keep Gaza’s population alive.

Israel says it must take Rafah to ensure Hamas’ destruction. On Friday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu ordered the military to come up with an evacuation plan after the United States said it opposes an attack on Rafah unless provisions are made for its population.

To “conduct such an operation right now with no planning and little thought, in an area where there is sheltering of a million people, would be a disaster,” State Department spokesman Vedant Patel told reporters Thursday. “This is not something that we’d support.”

Still, Washington has continued its military and diplomatic support for Israel’s campaign despite the country shrugging off calls to reduce civilian casualties. In response to those calls, Israel widened its evacuation orders as its forces moved south — yet the death toll in Gaza has continued to mount. Israel says Hamas is responsible for concentrating its forces in civilian areas.

It’s unclear where civilians who evacuate would go. Rafah is trapped between Egypt to the south, the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the east and Israeli troops to the north. Earlier in the war, Israel declared Muwasi, a sliver of rural area on the coast neighboring Rafah, to be a safe zone. But in recent weeks, it has bombarded the zone and sent troops to seize parts of it.

Many Palestinians in Rafah came from Gaza City and other parts of the north and want to return. But Israel has shown no willingness to allow a mass movement back north, where its troops largely have operational control but still fight pockets of Hamas fighters, it says.

Egypt has refused any mass entry of Palestinians, fearing Israel will not allow them to return. And Israel is not likely to let hundreds of thousands of Palestinians take shelter in its own territory.

A large area of empty dunes between the town of Rafah and the sea is now built up with a dense tent city erected by those who have streamed in over the last month. When winter rains hit, the area turns to cold mud, seeping into tents full of extended families. Women hang up bedding on clotheslines in the morning to keep them dry during the day, then lay them on the ground at night to sleep.

In Rafah itself, the main squares and streets are full of tents. Families fill classrooms at United Nations schools or crowd with relatives into apartments. Everyone is hungry and sick; colds, coughs and intestinal disorders run rampant. Even simple medicines are difficult to find, requiring an hours-long wait at a pharmacy.

The supply chain for everything from canned food to diapers comes almost entirely from the trickle of aid trucks that Israel allows into Gaza for distribution by the U.N. and other humanitarian groups. Impromptu outdoor markets packed with people fill avenues as many sell allotments they receive.

With such a limited supply, prices have skyrocketed. A chocolate bar that once went for the equivalent of 50 cents now costs $5; an egg can cost nearly $1.

Groups of young men can be seen hanging around intersections, waiting for aid trucks to pass. They leap on the back of the trucks and slash the ropes with knives to pull off bags of flour to sell or give to their families.

U.N. officials say 90% of Gaza’s population is eating less than one meal a day, and a quarter of the population faces outright famine, mainly in the north, where Israeli restrictions have blocked many aid convoys.

Rafah is the heart of the aid campaign, with trucks entering from Egypt or from a nearby Israeli crossing for distribution across the Gaza Strip.

“Any large-scale military operation among this population can only lead to additional layers of endless tragedy,” Philippe Lazzarini, head of UNRWA, the main U.N. agency leading the humanitarian effort in Gaza, told the Associated Press.

The Netanyahu government has vowed to eliminate Hamas throughout the Gaza Strip after the group’s Oct. 7 attack on southern Israel. Some 1,200 people were killed, according to Israel, as the militants abducted about 250 hostages — more than 100 of whom remain in captivity. Netanyahu said Wednesday that preparations were underway for the military to move on Rafah, though he did not say when.

“We are on the way to an absolute victory,” he said. “There is no other solution.”

The Israeli onslaught has killed nearly 28,000 Palestinians, according to the Hamas-run Health Ministry, and left much of northern Gaza a devastated wasteland. For weeks, the conflict has focused on central Gaza and the southern city of Khan Yunis, where bombardment and ground fighting have wreaked similar destruction.

In recent days, Israeli bombardment of Rafah has escalated. On Friday, strikes leveled two buildings, killing at least eight, including three children and a woman.

In the tent city, Najah Hasheasho said the wooden frame draped with plastic in which her family lives shakes every time a blast hits the area.

“We want to go back to Gaza City. That’s our home,” she said.

A neighbor in the camp, Nahed abu Asi, said he believes Israel wants to push the population into Egypt permanently.

“We won’t go into Egypt,” he said. “We’ll make our way back to Gaza City and die there — or in any place on the soil of Gaza.”

Keath reported from Cairo. Associated Press writer Julia Frankel in Jerusalem contributed to this report.