IRS does poor job of handling homeowner tax credit programs
Can the Internal Revenue Service handle tax credit programs that pump out billions of dollars to homeowners and buyers? A new federal investigation on home energy tax credits suggests the answer may be: Not quite yet.
The Treasury Department’s inspector general for tax administration audited the residential tax credit program, created by Congress to encourage homeowners to install energy-saving equipment and materials in their houses, and found some disturbing oversights.
One part of the program offers 30% credits — with no dollar limit — for solar energy systems, geothermal heat pumps, wind turbines and fuel cells installed before Dec. 31, 2016. A second part of the program — for energy-efficiency home improvements — offered credits up to $1,500 for qualifying exterior windows and doors, insulation and roofing materials.
Both credits have been popular. More than 6.8 million taxpayers received credits during tax year 2009, totaling $5.8 billion through December 2010. But substantial numbers of the filings had problems that went undetected by the IRS, according to the inspector general’s investigation. In a review of 5 million returns, auditors found that more than 302,000 taxpayers, who received a total of $234 million in credits from the IRS, showed no evidence of owning a home — the minimum requirement for eligibility.
A review of a smaller sample of returns, supplemented with local real estate property deed information, found that 30% “had no record of owning a home.”
Investigators also discovered that the IRS was unable to verify other key requirements for eligibility when taxpayers filed returns. For example, the agency could not verify that a claimant actually “purchased a qualified energy-saving product and made energy-efficiency improvements.” Nor could it verify the cost of the energy-saving equipment or whether the improvements were made during the required time limits.
Because IRS Form 5695, which is used by homeowners to claim energy credits, does not require documentation of purchases, property addresses or whether the property even qualifies as the taxpayer’s residence, the government primarily relies on the veracity of the taxpayer in processing the credits, and sometimes discovers irregularities or fraud only when it later audits an individual’s return. In a response to the inspector general after the audit, the IRS said it would revise Form 5695 to require documentation before it processed credit requests.
Treasury investigators also found that the IRS was issuing credits to people who were clearly ineligible and failed to use data that were readily available to the agency to determine eligibility. For instance, $404,578 in energy tax credits were approved for prison inmates and underage applicants.
Prisoners who were incarcerated for the entire year — and thus not likely to have bought and installed energy-saving equipment — received $343,487 in federal credits. In addition, 100 energy tax credit recipients in the audit turned out to be under 18, too young to execute legally binding contracts for renovations and unlikely to own a home. Nearly one-third of the underage credit recipients were younger than 14, and the youngest was just 3.
In a statement, J. Russell George, the Treasury’s inspector general for tax administration, said: “I am troubled by the IRS’ continued failure to develop appropriate verification methods for distributing Recovery Act credits.” The energy tax credits were expanded under the 2009 economic stimulus law and are a key policy initiative of the Obama administration.
The IRS’ problems handling big housing-related tax credit programs are not limited to energy conservation. In a report last fall, the Treasury inspector general’s office found that the IRS had been unable to distinguish between applications for first-time home buyer tax credits for properties purchased during 2008 and those for 2009. The distinction between the two years is significant because buyers in 2008 were entitled only to a $7,500 credit that had to be repaid over 15 years. Buyers who sought credits during 2009, by contrast, could claim up to $8,000 and were not required to repay the money to the government.
The same investigation found that the IRS had approved hundreds of home-purchase tax credits from applicants who were using the Social Security numbers of dead people. Under the 2008 program, auditors identified 1,326 individuals who claimed more than $10 million in credits for home purchases that occurred after the claimant’s recorded date of death. More than 900 of the claimants had been dead for at least half a year.
The IRS denied 528 of the claims, auditors found, but it approved 798 others for credits. In its response to the earlier investigation, the IRS said it would audit the 798 questionable returns.
Distributed by Washington Post Writers Group.
