Astronomy Wins: Ramadan Starts Monday, Council Says

Apparently resolving a debate that pitted eyeballs and ancient tradition against astronomers’ cold math, nearly all Southern California Muslims will begin the daytime-fasting month of Ramadan on Monday.

The date was announced this week by a new council embracing more than 75 mosques and Islamic groups from Santa Barbara to San Diego.

The Islamic Shura Council of Southern California, quietly formed nine months ago, was designed as an umbrella body that “could oversee, if not direct, the issues of common interest and concern” to an estimated 500,000 Muslims in the region, said the council’s facilitator, Shakeel Syed of Corona.

Although supporters look to its potential influence on social, political and economic affairs, the council’s biggest coordinated effort so far has been to try to settle a sensitive religious question: When does Ramadan begin and end?

Many Muslims prefer to follow tradition by peering into the night sky, beginning Ramadan after the first crescent sliver of the new moon becomes visible, or by relying on reports of sightings from overseas.

The problem, Islamic leaders say, is that reported sightings from Saudi Arabia have often come a day or two before it was scientifically possible to see the new moon--resulting in different starting and ending points for observing Islam’s holiest month.

Last year, at least four Islamic prayer centers in Southern California observed earlier dates than the majority.

But representatives from 26 Islamic centers in Southern California unanimously agreed in mid-December that Ramadan this year cannot begin before Monday, based on astronomers’ calculations that it would be impossible to see the new moon before then.

Syed said this week that he knew of no mosque, or masjid, the Muslim term for prayer halls, that was not in agreement.

“In due course, we hope and pray that the Muslim communities who rely strictly on moon sightings from other countries would consider using methods to sight the moon locally and use the astronomical data available,” Syed said.

“This is only happening in the United States, where we have Muslims from all parts of the world,” said Shabbir Mansuri of Fountain Valley, director of the Council on Islamic Education. “This [agreement on Ramadan dates] is part of what I call the United States’ gift to the rest of Islam.”

Ibraham Hooper, a spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic Relations, or CAIR, in Washington, D.C., said that Mansuri may be overstating how international Islam will regard developments in North America.

Nevertheless, Hooper said that he changed his initial news releases saying that Ramadan would start Sunday to saying it would start Monday after learning of the Southern California council’s decision based on consultations with astronomers.

Hooper, as well as Southern California Muslim leaders, emphasized in interviews that the practice of looking for the slender crescent of the new moon was not being discouraged--only that Muslims are encouraged to do it on a night when it can be corroborated by science.

“This is part of the enjoyment of Ramadan,” Hooper said. “For most people it is a unifying experience.”

Masood Rana, president of the Islamic Center of Northridge, said that he prefers to look for the moon, but acknowledged that overcast skies often make that difficult.

“I don’t see anything wrong with the scientific method for calculation--we already use it for giving our prayer times,” said Rana, referring to the five-times-daily prayer requirement of Islam.

The advance determination also allows Muslim communities to reserve facilities for thousands of believers to gather for mass prayers on Eid al-Fitr, the three-day feast marking the end of fasting. That will begin Feb. 20 this year.

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During Ramadan, able-bodied Muslims are expected to refrain from food, drink and other sensual pleasures from break of dawn to sunset--one of the five pillars of the Islamic faith. Exempted from the fasting are young children, the elderly, travelers, the sick and pregnant or nursing women.

It is also a period of nighttime socializing, additional prayers and charitable donations. Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Koran, the sacred scriptures that Islam says began to be revealed to the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century during the month of Ramadan.

By organizing the Islamic Shura (Arabic for “mutual consultation”) Council of Southern California, regional Muslim activists were following a pattern started in other major U.S. cities. A nationwide shura was formed in 1993, with the presidency rotating annually between the heads of two large Islamic federations and two African-American orthodox Muslim leaders, Imam W. Deen Mohammed of Chicago and Imam Jamil Al-Amin of Atlanta.

The Southern California shura is managed on a volunteer basis by Syed, who is the national marketing director for a company selling educational materials for Islamic children. Nine shura administrators are advised by a general assembly, which will hold its regular quarterly meeting today at the Islamic Center of Northridge.

Syed said that the shura council’s statements are not binding on its 56 member mosques and other affiliated groups.

But the weight of Koranic advice is for Muslims to speak with a unified voice, he said, quoting Chapter 3, Verse 103: “Hold fast to the rope of Allah all together and be not divided among yourselves.”

Abdel Kineche agreed. The spokesman for the Santa Clarita Masjid of 80 adults and children who meet in an industrial-area office in Saugus, said: “We were not at the meeting on the dates for Ramadan, but we agree. The shura is the way to go.”