Ex-President’s Ex-Friend Looks Back

There is an unmistakable aura of sadness when William P. Rogers talks about the man who was once his close friend and how that friend deceived him.

“I never before had a friend who turned out to be not quite a friend,” says the former attorney general and secretary of State.

The friend was Richard Nixon.

Oblivious to the clatter of dishes and the hum of lunch conversation in a crowded restaurant, Rogers sat at a corner table recently and looked back on years at the center of history.

He was President Eisenhower’s attorney general and Nixon’s secretary of State. In private law practice, he represented Martin Luther King Jr. before the Supreme Court.

But he is quick to point out that he had no role in one landmark event of the Nixon years--Watergate.

Nixon “never asked me about any of that nonsense until much too late,” Rogers said.

Rogers left the Nixon administration in August 1973 and resumed private law practice, a low-profile life he clearly enjoyed. He rarely gave interviews and never talked in detail about his relationship with Nixon.

Now 84, he put aside that reluctance and recalled his years as a valued advisor and close friend to Nixon as well as the discomforting knowledge of how much Nixon never told him.

“He didn’t lie; he just didn’t tell me the truth,” Rogers said.

It wasn’t only the truth about Watergate.

When Nixon sent Henry Kissinger, his White House national security advisor, on a secret trip to China, his secretary of State was left out in the cold.

Neither did Rogers know about Kissinger’s secret negotiations with North Vietnam.

Their bureaucratic struggle was no contest. After the 1972 election, Nixon decided it was time to replace Rogers with Kissinger.

White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman wrote in his diary: “Had a meeting with Rogers this afternoon and got into the separation. It didn’t work out very well in that Rogers obviously was shocked to be told that he was to leave.”

Kissinger wrote that he believed Nixon “wished to establish, for once, a relationship of primacy over his old friend and mentor Bill Rogers to whom he had so often turned during the periods of his own weakness.”

Rogers was a young lawyer on the staff of a Senate committee and Nixon was a freshman congressman from California when they met in 1948. Nixon was agonizing over whether to believe Whittaker Chambers’ allegation that Alger Hiss, a high State Department official, was a member of an underground communist group.

Nixon asked Rogers to review their sworn testimony. He wanted to know if he could prove one of them was lying. “I said, ‘I’m sure you can.’ I based it on the fact that Chambers had given a lot of particulars that you can’t make up,” Rogers said.

Hiss was convicted of lying and Nixon’s political career was on the rise.

Two years later, Nixon was elected to the Senate and in 1952 Eisenhower offered him the vice presidential nomination.

Rogers was on a campaign trip with his friend when the news broke that a group of California supporters of Nixon had established an $18,000 fund to help cover expenses. His position on the Republican ticket in jeopardy, Nixon made his case to the voters in a televised appearance that came to be known as the Checkers speech.

In his book “Six Crises,” Nixon wrote that the night before the speech, “I took a long walk with Rogers up and down the side streets near the hotel to get some fresh air and exercise and to test out the first outline of my speech on him. He encouraged me to go forward with the plan I had adopted.”

Nixon saved his career with a brilliant speech that referred to his wife’s “respectable Republican cloth coat” and the Texan who gave the Nixons their cocker spaniel, Checkers.

Rogers and Nixon remained fast friends through the Eisenhower administration. But losses in the 1960 presidential race and the 1962 race for governor of California left Nixon embittered, said his former friend.

“He was a changed man,” Rogers said.

From there, the two men took different paths. Rogers spent the Kennedy-Johnson years in private law practice, arguing Martin Luther King Jr.’s case in 1964 before the Supreme Court, which said for the first time that the news media had special protection against libel suits by public officials.

When Nixon finally became president in January 1969, Rogers returned to government as secretary of State, despite having little experience in diplomacy.

“I recognized when I took the job that President Nixon wanted to run things himself and that’s what he did,” Rogers said. “He always sort of resented the State Department.”

At the start of the second term, Watergate began to dominate Nixon’s presidency.

What was it like, watching the scandal unfold?

“What do you do?” said Rogers, his expression betraying the uncountable hours he has spent looking back on that period.

When Nixon realized he would have to fire Haldeman and John Ehrlichman, he asked Rogers to do it for him. Rogers refused.

“He said, ‘Will you be with me when I do it?’ I said, ‘No, Mr. President. . . . They’re your people.’ ”

In August of that year, Nixon became the first president to resign the office.

After that, Rogers and his wife saw the former president and his wife, Pat, a couple of times.

“We saw them once for lunch,” Rogers recalled. “Remarkably, we had conversations just as if nothing had happened.

“I couldn’t understand that.”