It’s April, and Paris Worries of August

The sun is out and the jonquils are in bloom. But as spring arrives in Paris, the warmer weather has raised questions about whether France is ready for another heat wave like last summer’s sizzler that killed 15,000 people.

Retirement homes are trying to equip themselves with fans and air conditioners, but the costs are out of reach for some.

Adehpa, an association of retirement home managers, says the government is all talk and no new money -- forcing them to shoulder an average of $18,000 to $24,000 to install cooling systems for individual rooms.

“With three months to go before summer, we’re starting to panic,” spokeswoman Agnes Lafargue said. “The problems we face are the same as those last year.”

Record temperatures were recorded in many major European cities in August, with readings in France above 104 degrees. Most of the deaths were in France, with the heat wave one of the deadliest weather phenomena in decades.

Many causes were given for the staggering toll: staffing shortages at retirement homes, government aloofness, the sudden heat spike and families on vacation who left elderly relatives at home.

In recent days, French media have reported almost daily on subjects such as the summer forecast, a surge in purchases of air conditioners and heat-wave preparations at retirement homes.

“Everybody is on a war footing,” said Luc Broussy, who heads Synerpa, an association of private retirement homes. “There will be extreme vigilance.”

He says retirement home staffers are practicing dousing bedsheets with cool water and they remain on alert for the need to provide extra fluids to patients.

“We’re not going to allow any surprises this year,” Broussy said. “The heat wave was an event that completely traumatized the country.”

The government of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin faced heavy criticism for its slow reaction to the heat wave -- but some said the lesson hadn’t sunk in.

Hubert Falco, minister for the elderly, has sought to showcase the government’s response in trips to hospitals and retirement homes outfitted with glitzy new air-conditioning units and “cool rooms.” Health Minister Philippe Douste-Blazy urged hospitals to prepare.

The government’s main response to last year’s scorcher was to recommend the elimination of an annual holiday to raise government tax revenues that would be put toward elderly care. But the measure has not yet come up for debate in parliament.

Last month, the Cabinet unveiled a plan to prevent heat-wave deaths, including a rapid alert system for medical facilities.

But hospitals are being forced to cut the number of patient beds because of summer staffing shortages, according to Patrick Pelloux, a doctor who first raised the alarm that the heat wave was causing casualties.

“France has not learned the lessons of this heat wave -- it’s sad,” said Pelloux, who is head of an association of emergency room physicians. “Nothing has changed.”

Adehpa’s Lafargue said many retirement homes will again be forced to rely on rising numbers of volunteers and temporary workers to fill staffing gaps.

Daily Le Figaro quoted an official from Meteo-France, the national weather service, as saying it is impossible to predict whether the mercury will approach the record levels of last summer.

“If someone tells you there’s going to be a heat wave this summer, don’t believe it,” said Michel Deque of Meteo-France. “You might as well flip a coin.”

But last month, researchers at the University of Bern in Switzerland, who collected and analyzed temperature data from all over Europe, said that the climate had been generally warming and that last summer probably was the hottest in Europe in at least five centuries.