Swings return to Wall Street as U.S. and allies squeeze Russia’s economy

Markets quivered Monday amid worries about how high oil prices will go and how badly the global economy will get hit after the U.S. and allies upped the financial pressure on Russia for its invasion of Ukraine.

Stocks swung up and down several times, leaving the major indexes mixed. Investors herded into bonds in search of safety, pushing yields sharply lower, and the value of the Russian ruble plunged to a record low.

The Standard & Poor’s 500 index, which had been down as much as 1.6%, recouped much of its losses to finish 0.2% lower. The Dow Jones industrial average fell 0.5% and the Nasdaq composite rose 0.4% after coming back from a 1.1% slide.

The volatile trading followed Western allies’ move over the weekend to block some Russian banks from a key global payment system. The U.S. Treasury Department also announced new and powerful sanctions against Russia’s central bank.

The Biden administration said Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, the European Union and others will join the U.S. in hitting Russia’s central bank, which said the Moscow stock exchange would remain closed Monday.

Stocks on Wall Street trimmed their losses through the morning, at one point flipping to modest gains, after technology stocks and others that benefit most from low interest rates rallied. The war in Ukraine is raising expectations that the Federal Reserve may have to take it more slowly in its campaign to raise interest rates to fight inflation.

Other markets showed more fear about the rising antagonism between Russia and the U.S. and its allies.

Oil prices on both sides of the Atlantic climbed more than 3% amid concerns about what will happen to crude supplies, because Russia is one of the world’s largest energy producers. That’s increasing the pressure on the already high inflation squeezing households around the world.

In search of safer returns, investors plowed into U.S. government bonds, which drove the yield of the 10-year Treasury down about 0.15 of a percentage point to 1.83%, its biggest drop since the Omicron variant of the coronavirus first rattled investors. Gold rose 0.7%.

The gyrations are just the latest sharp swings for markets, which were relaxing in relief just Friday, in part on thoughts that sanctions against Russia weren’t as severe as they could have been. More sharp turns are likely in the days ahead, given all the uncertainty about the war.

“Right now the situation is fluid and investors are looking for the next shoe to drop,” said Barry Bannister, chief equity strategist at Stifel.

The pressure on Russia isn’t coming only from governments. London-based energy giant BP said Sunday that it would dump its investment in Rosneft, a Russian energy company. BP has held a nearly 20% stake in Rosneft since 2013, and its shares listed in London fell 3.9%.

The S&P 500 fell 10.71 points to 4,373.94. The Dow, which had dropped 589 points, ended down 166.15 points at 33,892.60. The Nasdaq rose 56.77 points to 13,751.40.

The Russell 2000 index of small-company stocks also bounced back from an early slide, adding 7.16 points, or 0.4%, to end at 2,048.09.

Markets had already been on edge before Russia’s invasion, worried about upcoming hikes in interest rates by the Federal Reserve, which would be the first since 2018.

Fed Chair Jerome H. Powell is scheduled to testify before Congress later this week, where he could offer clues about the path for interest rates. A report on Friday will show whether strength in the U.S. jobs market continued in February, which would give the Fed more leeway to raise rates.

The Fed is caught on a tightrope, needing to raise rates enough to stamp out high inflation but not so much as to choke the economy into a recession. Higher rates also put downward pressure on stocks, cryptocurrencies and many other investments.

Given the uncertainty surrounding Ukraine, investors have sharply pared back bets the Fed will raise rates in March by double the usual increase. Traders are now forecasting just a 10.4% chance of that, according to CME Group. A day earlier, they were pricing in a 24% probability.

“Expectations are that central banks are going to take a somewhat slower and more cautious approach as a result of this crisis, so that provides a positive offset for risky assets,” Jonas Golterman, senior global markets economist at Capital Economics, said in an online briefing Monday.

Energy stocks in the S&P 500 jumped 2.6%. Defense-related companies also gained, with Lockheed Martin up 6.7%.

Financial analysts say wars and other such scary geopolitical events tend to have only a temporary effect on markets, perhaps lasting weeks or months. But in the moment, fear is nevertheless still higher.

Putin’s order that Russian nuclear weapons stand at increased readiness to launch ratcheted up tensions with Europe and the United States and revived dormant fears from the Cold War era.

The Russian central bank raised its key rate to 20% from 9.5% in a desperate attempt to shore up the plummeting ruble and prevent a run on banks. The Russian currency at one point plunged below 0.9 of a cent before climbing back to a shade above a penny, though still down nearly 15%.

The ruble had plunged more than 30% after the move to block Russian banks from the SWIFT payment system. Among other things, the sanctions are meant to crimp the Russian central bank’s access to more than $600 billion in reserves and hinder its ability to support the ruble.

Associated Press writers Damian J. Troise, Kelvin Chan and Yuri Kageyama contributed to this report.