Half of State’s Nursing Homes Fall Short in Federal Study

More than half of California’s nursing homes fail to provide residents with proper daily care to assure personal cleanliness, and nearly half the facilities do not meet sanitary standards for food storage and preparation, the federal government said Thursday in its first national report card on nursing homes.

About 40% of the state’s homes do not follow proper techniques in isolating patients to prevent the spread of infection, according to the report by the Health Care Financing Administration. This is a particular threat among the fragile population of nursing homes, where the average resident is over 80 years old.

Nationally, the study found that 40% of the country’s 15,000 nursing homes do not meet sanitary standards for food and more than 25% fail to administer drugs properly.

The federal report “is a major step forward in presenting information that can be helpful to average persons seeking a nursing home for themselves or members of their families,” Dr. William Roper, head of the Health Care Financing Administration, told a news conference.

However, Roper and other officials were quick to add that the report should be viewed as a starting point for consumers, rather than a definitive ranking of facilities.

“We are convinced that the quality of care in nursing homes is better than it has ever been, but it can be yet better,” Roper said.

The massive survey issued Thursday lists 32 performance categories, giving prospective consumers a unique guide to the nation’s nursing homes that participate in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The individual nursing homes were designated as having “met” or “not met” each of 32 standards of patient care. The 32 were selected from a field of 500 performance indicators for health, safety and treatment.

The federal government does not carry out its own inspections in nursing homes, but instead relies on personnel of state agencies. The information has traditionally been fed into a central computer system, but the federal study marks the first time it has been summarized and published with a view to comparing nursing home performance.

The California information--contained in four volumes and thousands of pages--highlights some major problems in the state compared to the nation. The major problem areas in California were:

- 26% of the homes failed to give residents sufficient privacy during treatment and care of personal needs. The national failure rate was 17.1%

- 44.6% failed to assure that “food is stored, refrigerated, prepared, distributed and served under sanitary conditions.” The national rate was 42.8%.

- 55.5% failed to assure that “each resident receives daily personal hygiene as needed to assure cleanliness, good skin care, good grooming and oral hygiene.” The national rate was 29.8%.

- 33.5% of homes failed to provide proper routine care for residents with catheters. The national figure was 17.6%

- 38.2% of the facilities failed to provide rehabilitation care to assure that residents do not lose their ability to walk or move freely. The national rate was 21.6%.

- 29.3% of homes failed to give prompt help for those needing assistance in eating or drinking. The national figure was 17.6%.

- 42% failed to administer drugs according to doctors’ orders. The national figure was 29%.

- 24.5% failed to keep electrical and mechanical equipment in safe operating condition. The national figure was 14.9%

- 41.7% failed to follow correct isolation techniques to prevent the spread of infection. The national figure was 24.7%.

However, state health officials said that this is not a reflection of poorer patient care, but rather of stricter performance standards that nursing home operators are required to meet under state law. Teresa Hawkes, deputy director of the state’s Department of Health Services, said that in California, inspectors are more likely to uncover federal violations because they must examine homes very thoroughly to see whether stricter California licensing requirements have been met.

A major shortcoming of the federal study, she added, is that it does not indicate the severity of a violation. For example, she said, the study does not show whether a violation for improper food storage stems from a freezer that is off by 1 degree or 20 degrees.

Furthermore, the study does not reflect a nursing home’s performance over time, but is rather a “snapshot” of the care provided during a single survey visit that may have occurred “as much as a year and a half ago,” Hawkes said. “A lot can change during that kind of a time frame.”

The state, on the other hand, has developed a methodology for measuring the cumulative demerits of nursing homes during a one-year period. The latest state data, however, is not yet ready for release.

Elma Holder, executive director of the National Citizens’ Coalition on Nursing Home Reform, said consumer groups are disappointed with the federal report.

“A very highly sophisticated consumer might be able to use it as a guide, but my mother and most people’s mothers would not be able to use this document.”

Generally Critical

The nursing home industry and some consumer groups have been generally critical of the federal report.

Paul Willging, executive vice president of the American Health Care Assn., which represents 9,000 profit-making nursing homes, said the report “is misleading--it is going to confuse the public.”

The data may “give false impressions and create some hysteria,” added Sheldon Goldberg, president of the American Assn. of Homes for the Aging, which represents nonprofit institutions.

The report “was a good idea,” said David Helmsin of the California Assn. of Health Facilities, which represents 950 of California’s 1,300 nursing homes, “but it’s potentially misleading to the people it was designed to help.” He faulted the study for its “lack of logic” in the selection of just 32 performance indicators.

The 75 volumes in the national study “will not provide final answers but will let people propose thoughtful questions in the selection of nursing homes,” Roper said.

“I think it’s definitely useful,” said Dr. Lynn Soffer of Public Citizen, a consumer advocacy group. In some states, reports by health inspectors are often difficult to obtain and are very hard to read and understand, she said. However, in California, they must by law be posted prominently in every nursing home for visitors to review.

In choosing a nursing home, these reports should be carefully read either at the nursing home or in the local office of the state health department, according to Nina Frazier, the Los Angeles Ombudsman program director for nursing homes, which monitors patient care locally. The ombudsman program telephone number, she said, is 800-334-9473.

Frazier said there is no better tool than visiting a nursing home and talking to patients, their relatives and nursing home staff.

The federal report on nursing homes contains four volumes on California. Part 1 covers nursing homes in Alameda to Glendale; Part 2, Glendora to Murrieta; Part 3, Napa to San Francisco, and Part 4, San Gabriel to Yucca Valley.

The reports should be available in a few weeks in the offices of state agencies that regulate nursing homes, the offices of consumer ombudsmen and local chapters of the American Assn. of Retired Persons. They also will be available later for purchase from the Government Printing Office.

The reports were originally scheduled for distribution next week. However, after a report in the Washington Post summarized some of the national figures, federal officials decided Thursday to release all of the detailed volumes to the press.

Rosenblatt reported from Washington and Spiegel from Los Angeles.