Collapse of Beef Exports Slams Firms

Pancost Trucking had been profitably hauling about eight refrigerated containers full of beef each week from Colorado to West Coast ports until the mad cow scare led dozens of countries to ban American beef.

Now two of the Sterling, Colo.-based company’s biggest customers, Tyson Foods Inc. and Excel, a division of Cargill Inc., have all but halted exports, leaving owner Gerry Schaefer scrambling to find other work for his 20 drivers.

“We’ve been having to run over to Nebraska to get potatoes,” Schaefer said. “And we’re hauling more pork out of Kansas.”

Though 90% of U.S. beef is sold at home, the overnight collapse of the export business has given companies that transport feed, cattle and beef, as well as some meat processors, plenty to worry about.

Shippers and meat industry officials said that it was too early to accurately assess the financial effects but that some economic hardship was trickling down: The cattle trade between barns and feedlots has slowed, the value of slaughter-ready animals has declined, and some meat processors have cut production enough to necessitate furloughs.

Moreover, about $200 million worth of meat and meat products remains in limbo at sea, at port or in refrigerated facilities here and abroad, industry officials say.

In the last week, SCS Refrigerated Services of Washington state received a surge of inquiries from meat producers and shippers seeking to store more than 10 million pounds of meat products.

“It’s what we call opportunity business,” said President and Chief Executive Hugh Carr, noting that January would otherwise be a slow month. “But it’s not the kind of opportunity business we welcome because it’s a terribly unfortunate situation.”

More than 30 countries banned American beef after a Canadian Holstein slaughtered Dec. 9 in Washington state was confirmed last week as the first case of mad cow disease in the United States. The investigation continues, and authorities have quarantined a third herd of Washington state cattle connected to the same Canadian herd as the infected cow.

Mad cow disease, formally known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, is a concern because humans who eat brain or spinal matter from an infected cow can develop a brain-wasting illness that can be fatal.

Despite assurances by U.S. officials that the nation’s beef is safe, the fate of nearly 2,000 containers of beef and beef products that were exported -- before the Dec. 23 warning about a suspected case of the disease -- is unclear.

About 800 of those containers have been unloaded and warehoused in Japan, South Korea and other Asian countries, according to the U.S. Meat Export Federation.

The remainder is primarily scattered among cargo ships at sea, federation spokeswoman Lynn Heinze said, although some containers are stacked up at ports from Los Angeles to Seattle.

Unless the trade bans are lifted or shipments can be redirected to other markets, Heinze said the meat could be sent back to where it came from -- the least preferable option.

Spoilage is not the most immediate concern, because fresh beef has a refrigerated shelf life of about two months, and some of it might be flash frozen upon return to the U.S. market to preserve it longer.

Rather, about a third of the meat sent to Asia is “variety” meat -- tongue, liver, kidneys and intestines -- that is not popular in the United States, and it probably would be used for dog food, animal feed and other products upon return to U.S. processors, industry officials said.

“The value, once returned to this country, is pretty minimal,” Heinze said, particularly when the extra transportation costs are factored in.

“If we brought it back it would certainly create a glut of product in this market, which would depress prices,” said Jim Herlihy, a spokesman for Swift & Co. of Greeley, Colo., whose beef business accounts for more than 7 million cattle a year.

Beef futures trading on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange is down about 19% from 90.67 cents a pound Dec. 23. On Friday, the spot contract price for February live cattle settled at 74.30 cents a pound, up 0.53 of a cent.

Fremont Beef Co., an eastern Nebraska processor dependent on the Japanese market, sent home 49 of its 131 employees early this week, said Chief Operating Officer Les Leech. Leech said the company was scrambling to find alternative customers for its products.

The U.S. slaughters 26 million cattle a year and exports $3.5 billion in beef and beef products annually.

“We’ve been talking to feedlot operators and they’re real cautious on replacements right now,” said Bud Wallace, proprietor of Planada, Calif.-based Wallace Transport, which hauls cattle feed.

“There really hasn’t been very many cattle bought since all this started,” said Rick Yost, vice president of VY Truck Line of Sterling, Colo., which normally hauls about 5,000 cattle a week.

With fewer meat-packed containers headed to the West Coast, many trucking companies are losing valuable deliveries of wine, vegetables, fish and other products they would normally haul east on their return trips.

For mom-and-pop operators such as Pancost Trucking, this is a devastating double whammy, with each idled truck missing out on a potential round-trip haul that could bring the company about $2,800 in revenue.

CR England, a Salt Lake City trucking company with $500 million a year in sales, is “at a standstill just like everybody else” as far as exports goes, said Sean Snow, a vice president. If the bans persist, the company stands to lose as much as $10 million a year.

But the company, which has a huge fleet and serves a diverse mix of industries, might be able to offset that somewhat by picking up business from vineyards, seafood companies and farms that are finding a diminishing number of shippers.

Snow said he expected the beef-export woes to persist for as long as 90 days, a period long enough to force some of the weakest trucking companies out of business.

“It’s possible that we may be better off for that,” Snow said. “But I’d hate to think we’re benefiting from someone else’s demise.”