Dozens of public school students spend their lunchtime with a guitar-playing Baptist minister, bowing their heads in prayer under a tree by the playground. English classes read Shakespeare and Steinbeck, avoiding works that might draw them into contemporary controversies. Most parents consent to corporal punishment for misbehaving students, though the superintendent says he rarely swats kids with the paddle.
This tiny district in west Texas is hardly a hub of liberal indoctrination.
Yet Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, is hoping that fear of a “radical woke agenda” in places like this will help him secure a long-elusive goal: a voucher-style program that would award public stipends of up to $8,000 to parents who switch to home-schooling or private schools.
“Our schools are for education, not indoctrination,” Abbott said at one of many recent rallies he has held around the state. “The solution to all of this is to empower parents to choose the school that’s right for them.”
Abbott’s effort will test whether rhetoric about “wokeness” can convince Republicans to abandon even the nation’s most traditional public schools.
So far, many rural Texas conservatives remain unconvinced by the governor’s warnings.
Schools here serve as Friday night football venues, leading employers and focal points of community life. Rural superintendents have been able to use their stature to mount intensive lobbying campaigns, persuading lawmakers representing overwhelmingly Republican areas to break with the governor on a bedrock issue.
Abbott is staking political capital on pulling out a victory this legislative session and may yet prevail.
Over the last two years, other Republican governors have passed expansive voucher-style bills in states that include Arizona, Utah, Iowa, Arkansas and West Virginia. Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis signed an expansive bill in late March, and more than a dozen other states are debating similar measures.
Residents in overwhelmingly Republican communities like Meadow worry about the nation’s shifting values. But they don’t see those changes as a problem in their own schools.
“We’re here in a small town for a reason — to kind of protect our kids from that,” said Kenzie Rios, an Abbott voter whose three children are elementary students at Meadow School.
On a Friday at the community cotton gin, farmers and retired farmers gathered for their weekly coffee-and-doughnut meet-up, which includes the Baptist pastor and the Meadow Independent School District superintendent, Bric Turner.
“Meadow schools is kind of being run the same way it was when I was there,” said Ray Gober, an 87-year-old retired farmer whose denim shirt is embroidered with the “G” emblem he used to brand his cattle, while the belt buckle he wears with his Wrangler jeans bears the name of the county, Terry.
“You would be ostracized if you were a woke person in this community,” said Robert Henson, an 80-year-old retired cotton farmer and nightly Fox News watcher.
Henson left early to drive an hour out of town to watch his grandson, a pole-vaulter at Meadow, compete in a regional track meet. Henson graduated from Meadow in 1960, and his family has attended school in the district for nearly 100 years without interruption, since his aunts moved here from Oklahoma in 1926.
A return to in-person work might seem like a good thing. But some red-state leaders worry the return-to-work economy will limit their talent pool.
The closest private schools are in Lubbock, more than 20 minutes away. But many rural students choose to home-school. Like others here, Henson worries that a voucher program would eventually pull money from all public schools, even as proponents promise to keep rural school budgets intact for five years.
“If we lose our school, we lose our town,” Henson said. “All we got in this little town is the school and this gin.”
Meadow’s population is 601, according to the 2020 census, and is about two-thirds Latino. Its elementary and upper grades are housed on a single campus for about 255 students, roughly one-third of whom are from a neighboring small town. More than two-thirds of the students are considered low income; the school provides breakfast and lunch to everyone and to-go bags for those who need dinner. Many of the teachers, administrators and coaches live in school-owned homes, in part because housing is scarce.
Shop students are building a giant black smoker on the bed of a trailer; they hope to use it next year in regional brisket and rib cook-offs. Other students are building robots, keeping score of which one moves the most blocks or heavy tuna cans ahead of a competition in Lubbock.
In one classroom, an English teacher uses slang and a wall-size touchscreen as she breaks down Romeo’s duel with Tybalt.
“That’s your own blood. You marry into a new family,” said America Rios, 33, one of many teachers who graduated from the school. “Guess what? You’ve just killed your girlfriend’s cousin. That’s not good.”
Parents in recent years have asked the school librarian to pull a handful of books from the shelves, but there haven’t been clashes over curriculum or LGBTQ issues, even as it is quietly acknowledged that some kids are gay.
“It’s just more of an acceptance without really talking about it,” Rios said.
Though many of the children and families work in the fields before and after school, all 25 students in this year’s graduating class are expected to go to college or technical school.
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Texas, which already allows students to transfer between public school districts or to enroll in charter schools, has lagged behind other conservative states in adopting vouchers.
More than 30 states have some form of voucher or savings account, according to Jason Bedrick, an education research fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation think tank in Washington. Proponents initially tailored their programs to win bipartisan support, restricting eligibility to low-income families and sometimes using private money. Broader initiatives that used public money and allowed stipends for middle and higher earners were often thwarted by teachers unions, which align with Democratic lawmakers.
In California, two statewide ballot initiatives to adopt vouchers have failed: in a 70%-30% vote in 1993 and 71%-29% in 2000. A 2017 poll of California voters found 60% support for vouchers, though a majority of adults graded their local schools with an A or B.
The COVID-19 pandemic supercharged the movement nationwide, as shutdowns eroded conservative parents’ trust in their public schools, while Zoom gave them a window into what was being taught, Bedrick said. Republican politicians responded with a string of “parents’ rights” policies that gave activists more veto power over books and curricula and added restrictions on drag shows and gender-affirming care for trans youth.
Bedrick said stipends give dissatisfied parents not only an “escape hatch” but a source of leverage when negotiating with public schools over curricula and reading lists.
Educators agree, but many see that leverage as a problem, worrying that states and school boards are limiting lessons on slavery, Jim Crow and other dark chapters of American history and creating an unsafe or unwelcoming environment for gay kids.
Californians moving to Nevada hope to re-create a California lifestyle — a tech hub with mountain views — without the Golden State’s problems. It’s not working exactly as planned.
Additionally, universal voucher programs tend to benefit high earners, given that private school tuition is often out of reach for the poor and middle class, even with a stipend.
The Texas voucher bill has passed the state Senate but faces a tougher climb in the House, which has long blocked passage of similar bills. Rural Republicans, who hear regularly from small-town school superintendents, have been the biggest obstacle to passage in a state where Republicans enjoy large majorities.
Turner, Meadow’s superintendent, has sent emails to local lawmakers, driven to Austin and spoken with parents and community leaders, pointing to a state estimate that the program will draw $1 billion a year by 2028. He doesn’t buy assurances that rural schools will be spared a budget hit.
“‘I’m gonna take half of whatever cash you got in your wallet … but don’t worry about it, because you really won’t feel it,’” he said of those promises. “You believe in that?”
House members this month signaled opposition to Abbott’s plan, passing a budget that prohibits using public money for private schools. But neither side expects the issue to be resolved until the legislative session ends in late May.
Many parents in Meadow say they know little about the plan’s specifics but trust their local educators.
Lynn Redecop, who home-schools her 14-year-old son and 12-year-old daughter to give them a “godly foundation,” said she loves the community and would be comfortable sending the kids to public school if she had to. Even if she becomes eligible for a stipend, she’s not sure she would accept money from the state unless she understands more about what strings are attached.
Brenda Russell, head of the Central Texas Christian School in Temple, one of several parochial schools where Abbott has held school choice rallies this year, said she cannot accept many more students. But she hopes the bill, which is now open only to students who attended public school the previous year, is eventually expanded to benefit existing private school parents.
In recent years, she has heard more interest from prospective parents worried that kids in younger grades are being taught too much about transgender issues. Her school promises a “biblical worldview.”
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Rural public schools in Texas can’t quite match that level of religiosity, though some offer a state-approved elective in Bible studies.
Teachers, students and parents in Meadow say they don’t hear much about Christianity discussed directly in the classroom. But it’s infused in the culture, with student paintings incorporating the cross and biblical verses displayed in the lunchroom along with renderings of athletes and anime characters.
On a recent Thursday, the principal stood during lunch to announce that the “folks from the Baptist church are over there” and that attendance was voluntary.
The governors of California and Florida — two of the nation’s biggest ideological rival states — are leading in opposite directions. Both may run for president.
Johnathon Jowers, parent of a Meadow student and minister of music at Calvary Baptist Church, was waiting under a tree by a red picnic table.
Jowers, wearing a Calvary trucker hat, with three crosses, over his red ponytail, said the school is open to “you doing you.” But at its core, it’s “very, very conservative — very not-woke.”
He drew several dozen students to his two 12-minute Bible lessons for middle and high school students, which the church leads here about twice a month.
The day’s lesson, a passage from Joshua, was about fear and doubt. He told the students they were courageous just for being there and standing up for their faith.
“We will never be separated from the love of God,” he said.
He played a song on the guitar before his intern led a prayer seeking courage. Then, he sent the students back to the playground.
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