Tale of Wealth, Murder and a Family’s Decline

Most legal historians consider Earl Rogers the greatest criminal defense lawyer ever to practice in Los Angeles.

Most social historians regard the Canfields as one of the most star-crossed families ever to blaze across the pages of the city’s social register.

Their turbulent lives were filled with paradoxes, few more fascinating than the fact that Rogers’ fervent opposition to capital punishment grew out of his one experience as a prosecutor--on behalf of the Canfields, whose familial decline began with the attorney’s courtroom victory on their behalf.

In 1906, Los Angeles was gripped by the brutal, coldblooded murder of Chloe Canfield, a beautiful and beloved socialite.

Her husband, Charles A. Canfield, was a wealthy oilman who founded Chanslor-Canfield Midway Oil Co. in the 1880s. Later, he joined mining crony Edward L. Doheny and together they transformed the city by bringing in L.A.’s first gusher at the intersection of Patton and Colton streets on Crown Hill, just northwest of today’s downtown, in 1892.

Canfield built a stately home not far away at 8th and Alvarado streets, where he lived with Chloe, their son and four daughters.

Chloe Canfield was a leader of the city’s social and charitable activities. She was known for her great beauty, as well as for her generosity and kindness to the needy.

In January 1906, Chloe’s husband and their daughter Daisy, and Daisy’s oilman husband, J.M. Danziger, were away on business in Mexico--where Canfield and Doheny had made tens of millions from their oil discoveries.

The family’s wealth was very much on the mind of Morris Buck, 28, a former coachman for the Canfields, who knocked on the mansion’s front door that day. Buck, who had been fired five years earlier for leaving the Canfields’ horses unattended and beating them, had written Chloe to ask for a loan to start his own business. When no reply came, he arrived at the house to make his request in person.

The servants were terrified of Buck, who they believed was “a dope fiend and half crazy,” and warned their employer not to see him.

Fearless, Chloe went to the door, accompanied by her small granddaughter, and invited Buck to sit down and talk on the front porch. When she refused to lend him $2,600, he stood and shot her.

Her granddaughter ran into the kitchen, screaming, “He’s killing her!”

Wounded, the 46-year-old Chloe attempted to grab his gun, but he shot her again in the heart. As she fell onto the porch, he fired a third shot into her breast.

Fleeing the scene, Buck ran north on Alvarado Street before he was chased down by a bicycle cop and furious neighbors, who had watched the tragedy unfold.

The killer was captured a few blocks away, crouched behind the boathouse counter at Westlake--now MacArthur--Park.

Chloe’s murder outraged thousands of Angelenos, who clamored for the lynching of her murderer.

When he returned from Mexico, the devastated Canfield told reporters that he would spend millions if necessary to ensure that Buck hanged. To that end, he persuaded the city’s leading defense attorney, Rogers, to switch sides and become a “special prosecutor,” assisted by his customary courtroom opponents, ex-Gov. Henry T. Gage and Dist. Atty. John D. Fredericks.

Relieved that they would not have to try the case against the defense bar’s leading advocate, Gage and Fredericks both agreed that Rogers’ extensive knowledge of medicine and psychology, with which he had saved so many accused killers from the gallows, would be invaluable.

“I’d feel safer with you on my side,” Canfield kept telling Rogers.

Rogers, a professor of advocacy at USC’s law school, also had a degree from the College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, as well as an extensive familiarity with cutting-edge scientific literature in several languages.

When it came time for the trial, a string of defense attorneys balked at being appointed to defend the accused. A.D. Warner finally drew the short straw and set out to prove that Buck was insane.

At one point, he dragged his client in front of the jury box and jerked Buck’s head downward so the jurors could see for themselves the scars from multiple head injuries he had suffered over the years.

Not to be outdone, Rogers delivered a lecture on the “effects of every variety of head injury known to medical science” and urged jurors to feel Buck’s head with their fingers so they could see for themselves that his scalp was perfectly healed.

When Buck fainted, Rogers called to the stand the superintendent of an insane asylum, who testified that, in his “expert opinion,” the man never fainted.

Rogers prevailed, and Buck was sentenced to hang.

But victory afflicted the famous lawyer with a remorse that never healed. Only seconds after Buck was pronounced dead at San Quentin, Rogers wailed: “We’re all wrong. . . . Who are we to take life? . . . I can’t forgive myself.”

Rogers spent that night in the prison morgue, performing the autopsy on the executed man himself. When he opened the skull, he looked for lesions, cracks, tumors, any kind of brain distortion or damage. He found nothing. The absence of physical evidence of insanity, and the moral revulsion he felt over the execution, pushed Rogers to the belief he would hold for the rest of his life: that capital punishment was socially immoral in all instances, not just where criminal conduct could be explained by physiology.

Author W.W. Robinson wrote that by the time of Rogers’ death in 1922, it was said of the courtroom genius: “Close to a hundred slayers escaped the gallows through the efforts of Earl Rogers; and there is little doubt that most of them were guilty.”

The execution of Chloe’s killer did nothing to arrest the Canfields’ familial decline.

Her 57-year-old husband never recovered from his grief. He aged quickly and died a wealthy widower in 1913.

Over the next few decades, the Canfields--once beloved for their philanthropy--became best known through press accounts for their greedy courtroom squabbles over trust funds, divorces, child support, alimony and assault charges.

Chloe’s daughter Daisy divorced Danziger and, in 1923, married suave silent screen idol Antonio Moreno, second only to Rudolph Valentino in popularity as a Latin lover.

With the help of her father’s money, she hired Robert D. Farquhar--architect of the Pentagon and Los Angeles’ California Club--to build a 22-room, Spanish-Italian-style villa on five acres overlooking Silver Lake.

The combination of Daisy’s social ties as the daughter of an oil magnate and her husband’s Hollywood connections brought entertainers and high society together at their home.

By 1929, after adopting two children, the couple moved, and Daisy and her three sisters, Florence, Eileen and Caroline, who married sporting goods king Silsby Spalding, the first mayor of Beverly Hills, deeded the estate to the Chloe P. Canfield Memorial Home for girls. Later it would be run by Franciscan nuns.

Life in the fast lane ended for Daisy in 1933 after she and Moreno separated. She died a few weeks later when the friend she was riding with drove her car over a 300-foot cliff while racing along Mulholland Drive. Her friend lived.

Moreno never remarried and died in 1967 at age 80.

The nuns ultimately closed the girls school, and the mansion built by a family ruined by wealth, murder and revenge sat empty for a decade until it recently passed into private hands and was renamed The Paramour.