School Districts Capitalize on Booming Adult Business

Would you like to learn how to remember and tell a good joke? Could you use a little more insight into men who hate women and why women love them? How about a game plan for personal power, some planning for financial success, a little coaching on you, your job, your happiness, or guidance on returning to singleness?

These subjects--and virtually any other that is teachable--are offered in the South Bay’s adult education system “to enrich lives and expand horizons,” as one school’s brochure puts it.

There are many types of public and private schools for adults, but only unified and high school districts are funded by the state on the same basis as kindergarten- through 12th-grade schools--that is, average daily attendance, or ADA. And only those districts can award high school diplomas to adults who missed their graduation ceremonies the first time around.

Elementary school systems generally are not authorized to run adult education programs, although some, like the Lennox and Hawthorne districts, offer special classes on their campuses for immigrants in cooperation with a high school or unified district.

Although less visible on the educational scene, adult education is a booming business and, in some districts, the older students outnumber the youngsters by a wide margin. In the South Bay Union High School District, for example, about 3,700 children attend regular classes, whereas the adult division boasts an enrollment of nearly 6,300.

1.5 Million Adults Enrolled

In California, about 1.5 million adults are enrolled in the state-funded system. That’s about a third of the total number of kindergarten- through 12th-grade students and more than all the students in the state’s college and university systems put together.

Rapidly growing numbers of immigrants in the South Bay and generally throughout the state have made English as a second language the biggest part of many adult education programs. Further expansions of adult education are expected next year, when the state will require many recipients of welfare to enroll in classes designed to qualify them for employment.

In some South Bay districts with declining enrollment, adult education that generates state funding has helped offset losses in the regular schools. Torrance Unified, which enrolls about 8,000 adult students, has converted four closed campuses to adult education.

“If we didn’t have adult training programs, we might have lost those schools permanently,” said Torrance administrator Paul Mackey. “As it is, we have them ready in case they are needed in the future for regular schools and, in the meantime, they are providing important services to the community.”

South Bay Union has leased closed elementary schools in Hermosa Beach and Manhattan Beach for adult classes, but plans to move its adult division back to classrooms on its own campuses within a year, according to adult school director Sue Crane. Those classrooms at the Mira Costa and Redondo Union high schools would otherwise stand idle as regular enrollment in the district continues to fall, Crane said.

ESL, Business Courses

Inglewood Unified runs the biggest adult division in the South Bay, with about 10,500 students enrolled, said spokeswoman Ruth Marts. She said the fastest growth in recent years has been in English as a Second Language and business courses.

The financially strapped Palos Verdes Unified district could use a boost from adult education in terms of revenue and fuller use of facilities, spokeswoman Nancy Mahr said. But years ago, the district decided not to compete with local public and private colleges and subsequently lost out in 1979 when the state established a system of funding adult education through the ADA system.

Average daily attendance funding is arrived at by adding up the hours that qualified students spend in the classroom. For adult schools, each 525 hours equals one ADA unit. Districts are paid $1,308 for each unit.

El Segundo Unified, which enrolls only about 40 adult students, nearly excluded itself from adult education funding when the state passed out ADA allocations. Its ADA cap is two units, contrasted with Torrance Unified’s 1,967, for example.

“We sure can’t do much with an ADA of two,” said El Segundo administrator Don Riley. “But most of the demand here is for ESL classes, and we get a little additional funding” because extra government money is available for it.

‘Cost-Effective Schooling’

“Adult education is the most cost-effective schooling around,” said Duff Means, director of the 7,000-student program operated by the Centinela Valley Union High School District. “I’d say about 95% of the facilities we use are classrooms that are already here, so we don’t have to get into expensive building programs to carry out the mission.”

Costs also are lower in equipment and supplies, because they are sometimes shared with the regular schools, and in teacher salaries, which run about $20 an hour--with no fringe benefits. Teachers may work from one to 20 hours a week.

Adult education teachers must be credentialed, Means said, but the requirements are less stringent than for regular school teachers, some of whom moonlight in adult schools. For most non-academic courses, a person can qualify to teach if he or she can show five or more successful years of experience in a business, trade, hobby or any other field that can attract enough adults to make up a class.

The state ADA funds apply to 10 subject areas, such as basic math and reading, ESL and citizenship courses, job skills, classes for handicapped adults and parent education. Hobby and general-interest courses are financed by fees or tuition.

Under current laws, which are scheduled to expire next year, adult education must be self-sustaining, and districts cannot use state allocations for adult training to help finance their regular schools.

Near Funding Limits

Despite the lower costs, most districts are near their ADA-funding limits, largely as a result of increased demands for immigrant training, school officials say.

Changing demographics also have left many districts throughout the state high and dry--a lot of new people to serve and little or no means of doing it, according to Jim Lindberg, a state Department of Education consultant in Sacramento.

He said advocates of adult education are urging the Legislature to review its funding system and come up with new laws and regulations that will take into account shifting populations and expanding needs.

Some of those needs are reflected by students attending South Bay Union’s adult schools on the former Hermosa View campus in Hermosa Beach.

For Marianne Watson, the adult classes in computer and office skills that she has been taking for more than two years may open a new career as a secretary. Since receiving her high school diploma about 10 years ago, she has worked mostly for housecleaning firms.

Future Looks Better

“I sure don’t want to just clean houses for the rest of my life,” Watson said. “This program makes my future look a lot better.”

Lily Anderson, mother of a 3-year-old, believes that the classes she is taking will help her be a more effective and successful parent. Children of the parents, besides being subjects of study by adults, also gain a positive preschool experience, said Becky Maynaro, coordinator of the school’s parent education program.

In the popular English as a second language classes, Arturo Martinez, Fatemah Bakhtiyari and Yoshiko Shihata are among those from many nations who see adult education as a door to the American culture and its possibilities.

“It doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from,” said Crane, the adult program’s director. “Education is for everyone, and it should be a lifelong experience.”