Bernardo Arévalo finally sworn in as Guatemala’s president despite efforts to stop it
Bernardo Arévalo was sworn in as Guatemala’s president Monday minutes after midnight despite months of efforts to derail his inauguration, including foot-dragging and rising tensions right up until the transfer of power.
Arévalo won August’s elections by a comfortable margin. But nothing has been straightforward since, with Atty. Gen. Consuelo Porras and the establishment forces that observers say she represents throwing up one legal challenge after another before Arévalo and his party.
“It fills me with deep honor to assume this lofty responsibility, showing that our democracy has the necessary strength to resist and that through unity and trust we can change the political panorama in Guatemala,” Arévalo said in his first address as president.
Arévalo thanked Guatemala’s youth for not losing hope and the country’s Indigenous peoples for their support, acknowledging “historic debts that we must resolve.” He summarized his administration’s guiding principle as: “There cannot be democracy without social justice, and social justice cannot prevail without democracy.”
Despite hundreds of Arévalo’s supporters pressuring lawmakers to follow the constitution, even clashing with riot police outside the Congress building Sunday, the inauguration process dragged on for hours before he took the oath of office just past midnight.
A progressive academic-turned-politician and son of a Guatemalan president credited with implementing key social reforms in the mid-20th century, Arévalo takes office with expectations that he will confront Guatemala’s entrenched corruption. But it will not be easy.
Three magistrates of Guatemala’s Supreme Electoral Tribunal have left the country, hours after the nation’s Congress opened them to prosecution.
He has little support in Congress, and Porras’ term as the country’s top law enforcement official extends to 2026, though Arévalo has said one of his first orders of business will be to request her resignation.
Supporters had been waiting hours for a festive inauguration celebration in Guatemala City’s iconic Plaza de la Constitución and were fed up with yet another delay, sweeping police roughly out of their way before gathering outside Congress to demand that legislators stop delaying and name the delegation that must attend the ceremony.
Congress, which was supposed to attend the inauguration as a special session of the legislature, engaged in bitter infighting over whom to recognize as part of the congressional delegation, as members yelled at each other.
The leadership commission tasked with doing that was packed with old-guard opponents of Arévalo, and the delay was seen as a tactic to draw out the inauguration and weaken Arévalo.
The United States government has granted asylum to Guatemala’s former lead anti-corruption prosecutor two years after he was fired and fled the country under threat of arrest.
Arévalo wrote in his social media accounts that “they are trying to damage democracy with illegalities, inconsequential details and abuses of power.”
Representatives from the U.S. and the Organization of American States called on the Congress to respect Guatemala’s constitution.
Minutes before midnight, the special session of Congress was convened.
Porras had tried every legal trick in the book to put Arévalo on trial or in jail before he could take office. And Arévalo’s party won’t have a majority in the Congress and may not even have formal recognition there.
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Arévalo’s election marked a political awakening in a population weary of corruption and impunity.
“I feel enthusiastic, because we are finally reaching the end of this long and torturous process,” Arévalo said before his inauguration. “Guatemalan society has developed the determination to say no to these political-criminal elites.”
In his address immediately after his swearing-in, Arévalo said: “We will not allow our institutions to submit again to corruption and impunity.” Outgoing President Alejandro Giammattei, widely criticized for eroding the country’s democratic institutions, did not attend the inauguration.
But as much as Arévalo wants to change things, he faces enormous obstacles. His anti-corruption stance and outsider status are threats to deep-rooted interests in the Central American country, observers say.
Still, the fact he got this far is a testament to international support and condemnation of the myriad attempts to disqualify him.
For many Guatemalans, the inauguration represented not only the culmination of Arévalo’s victory at the polls, but also their successful defense of the country’s democracy.
In his first act as president, Arévalo visited the site outside the attorney general’s office where Indigenous protesters have kept vigil for more than three months, demanding that authorities respect the vote and that Porras step down. He applauded them for defending the country’s democracy.
It was an important gesture by Arévalo, who was criticized last week for including only one Indigenous person in his Cabinet. In October, hundreds had blocked highways across the country for three weeks to pressure authorities.
The daughter of a Guatemalan dictator convicted of genocide is running for president, raising questions about the nation’s memory of a brutal civil war.
Indigenous leaders took the opportunity Monday to urge Arévalo not to forget their support and the many basic needs of their communities.
Meanwhile, in the central plaza outside the theater where Arévalo was sworn in, supporters danced and cheered early Monday.
“I am very happy,” said Manuel Perez, a 60-year-old retired teacher, as he danced to a band playing salsa music. “I’m here because I’m Guatemalan and I love my country. I hope for a better life for everyone. We’re going to be here celebrating until dawn.”
Prosecutors sought to suspend Arévalo’s Seed Movement party — a move that could prevent its legislators from holding leadership positions in Congress — and strip Arévalo of his immunity three times.
Fearing democracy is at risk, Guatemalans are posting certified election forms on social media to show there wasn’t fraud in the presidential vote.
On Friday, his choice for vice president, Karin Herrera, announced that the Constitutional Court had granted her an injunction heading off a supposed arrest order. She was also sworn in early Monday.
Prosecutors have alleged that the Seed Movement engaged in misdeeds in collecting signatures to register as a party years earlier, that its leaders encouraged a monthlong occupation of a public university and that there was fraud in the election. International observers have rejected that.
One key was that Arévalo got early and strong support from the international community. The European Union, Organization of American States and the U.S. repeatedly demanded respect for the popular vote.
Washington has gone further, sanctioning Guatemalan officials and private citizens suspected of undermining the country’s democracy.
On Thursday, the U.S. assistant secretary of State for the Western Hemisphere, Brian A. Nichols, said the aggression toward Arévalo won’t likely stop with his inauguration.
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