Lull in Winds Aids Crews as Blazes Near Containment

Taking advantage of a lull in Southern California’s fierce Santa Ana winds, firefighters Wednesday gained near-complete containment of wildfires in Malibu and San Diego County, but remained vigilant against dangerous weather conditions expected to return this weekend.

Weather forecasters predicted a cold front with 40-mph winds tonight. By this weekend, Santa Ana winds gusting up to 100 mph are expected below some canyons and mountain passes, lasting through Monday.

As the series of fires that consumed 37,000 acres and destroyed more than 100 homes continued to smolder, President Clinton declared a state of emergency in Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, making the region eligible for federal disaster relief.

The presidential declaration makes residents displaced by the fires eligible for temporary housing assistance, which was seen as good news for the victims of Monday’s Lemon Heights fire in Orange County.

Carl Ferraro, whose Lemon Heights home survived the fire but sustained some smoke and fire damage, said his neighbors who were left homeless would undoubtedly welcome as “great news” the promise of federal help.

“It’s been a traumatic thing here for everyone,” Ferraro said.

The Lemon Heights fire destroyed 10 homes and damaged another 23 structures, causing losses estimated at $3.5 million--an amount that fire officials said would likely rise to $6 million after the value of the contents is added.

The fire was sparked by a downed power line and fueled by Santa Ana winds that gusted to 79 mph. The exact cause is still under investigation.

Residents affected by the fires can begin applying for housing assistance today by calling (800) 462-9029 or (800) 462-7585 for the hearing and speech impaired. The toll-free telephone numbers will operate from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. seven days a week.

Meanwhile, fire officials said they had the Malibu blaze 80% contained by 10 p.m. Wednesday.

In San Diego County, officials claimed similar success against the devastating firestorm near Carlsbad, the most disastrous in county history. Officials said they hoped to have the blaze, which destroyed 76 homes, controlled by today.

“We have started a general demobilization,” Los Angeles County Fire Department Capt. Steve Valenzuela announced at the Malibu command post. “This is the turning point of this fire. We are now in the mop-up stage.”

At its peak, 4,049 men and women were assigned to fight the Malibu blaze, which began Monday in Calabasas. By Wednesday afternoon, several hundred firefighters had been sent home.

Sheriff’s deputies, meanwhile, closed off a section of Corral Canyon as investigators combed the site where quick-moving flames trapped and injured six firefighters, including Bill Jensen, 51, of the Glendale Fire Department. Jensen clung to life at a Sherman Oaks burn center with burns over 70% of his body.

Although the air assault on the Malibu blaze continued Wednesday, much of the firefighting effort shifted to the ground as crews with shovels and axes worked alongside bulldozers to put out the remaining embers and hot spots, including the last major trouble area, a remote mountain site near Castro Peak.

Throughout the day, crews were also dispatched to fight small flare-ups on the edges of the burned area, which encompassed about 13,900 acres. Officials said they were using infrared camera equipment on helicopters to search for hot spots that were not readily visible to the naked eye.

Respite in Malibu

For the first time since Monday the skies were free of clouds of billowing smoke and ash, and the seaside community began to show hints of the natural beauty that is its principal lure.

“It won’t be long before we get this over with,” said Novato Firefighter Jim Jensen, squinting up at a blue sky.

Having survived their own close encounter with the firestorm, residents of the Malibu Beach RV Park returned and employees began taking reservations again Wednesday afternoon.

The park had been evacuated Monday and all but 10 or 12 of the park’s 50 mobile homes had been able to move out of harm’s way by the time the flames came to within yards of the park.

Most Malibu residents were keeping a close eye on the weather, knowing that the safety of the community can turn as quickly as the direction of the wind.

Fire officials received hourly reports from the U.S. Weather Service and used a complex system of monitors to calculate the “burn index,” a sort of Richter scale of fire prevention based on humidity, wind speed and other factors.

At the fire command center in Malibu, county Fire Department meteorologists prepared maps--as they have every day since the fire started--that illustrated the projected movement of the blaze over two-hour intervals.

“The Santa Ana winds tend to throw a monkey wrench into the system now and then, because they’re so irregular and unpredictable,” said Martin Gubrud, a forester with the department. “But so far, we’ve done pretty good.”

The meteorologists draw their maps with the aid of computers, using data compiled by field observers scattered throughout the areas where the fire is still burning.

More general data is taken from weather stations in brush areas around the county. It includes “fuel stick” readings, which measure the changing moisture content of dead brush and trees. Fuel stick readings range between 1 and 30, with anything below 5 considered “extremely flammable,” Gubrud said. The readings in Malibu this week have ranged between 2 and 3.

Relative humidity is a factor in the fuel readings, Gubrud said. If the relative humidity is above 30%, vegetation absorbs moisture from the air. If it’s below 30%, the air draws moisture from the vegetation.

When the Malibu fire broke out Monday, the relative humidity there was less than 10%. That figure crept slowly upward to 14% on Monday night and 25% on Tuesday night. The first readings comfortably above 30% were not expected until shortly before dawn today.

“There will be a respite from any outrageous weather on Thursday and Friday, but this weekend--from a fire standpoint--doesn’t look good,” said WeatherData meteorologist Curtis Brack.

“The winds will start gusting from the northwest on Friday afternoon as a cold front moves quickly through,” Brack said. “And by Saturday, there’s going to be a major Santa Ana wind event, a lot stronger than the Santa Anas earlier this week.”

Power Line Blamed

Investigators traced the origin of the Malibu fire to an arcing power line that ignited brush next to the eastbound lanes of U.S. 101 in Calabasas.

In San Diego County, officials assessing the Carlsbad fire said it could have been worse if not for precautionary measures taken in recent years, such as brush-clearance and mutual-aid agreements between fire departments.

“Without our preparation,” said Carlsbad Councilwoman Ann Kulchin, “I think the fire would have burned all the way to the sea.”

Fire officials said they hope to have the fire in the northern part of the county that destroyed 60 homes in La Costa and 16 in nearby communities controlled by tonight. A fire that destroyed six homes near the Rincon Indian Reservation was considered contained after burning 1,800 acres.

Laguna Beach Community Development Director Kyle Butterwick said he and other city officials have planned a meeting today with Carlsbad officials to explain how Laguna Beach survived after the devastating 1993 fire that destroyed or damaged 441 homes at a cost of $528 million.

Carlsbad officials are eager to learn from a city that has already gone through such devastation, Butterwick said. He said they will share information on modifying building codes, expediting the planning process, prioritizing projects and waiving fees to benefit fire victims. Also planned is a discussion on erosion control and protection of hillsides, which Butterwick said will become of significant importance with the rainy season.

‘It’s going to be a technical discussion to talk about our rebuilding processes,” Butterwick said. “I think it would be very helpful for them to learn that.”

Fire prevention measures like those taken after the Laguna Beach firestorm were credited with limiting damage in Malibu.

The Carlsbad fire broke out around 2 p.m. Monday about eight miles east of La Costa. It spread south and west but it was not until around 5:30 p.m. that homes in the La Costa section of Carlsbad began to burn.

Officials say three factors came together to create catastrophe: The wind picked up speed, water tankers had to be grounded because of darkness and the fire reached a ridge just east of La Costa.

“When a fire is being pushed by winds at 45 mph, you can’t lay down hose fast enough to get water on it,” said Tom Kelly, deputy fire chief with the California Department of Forestry.

The result, according to Michael Burner, deputy fire chief in San Diego, was “a fire that was hurling fireballs at homes a quarter-mile away.” Most of the La Costa homes were demolished within 90 minutes to two hours of the fire cresting the ridge.

When the fire jumped Rancho Santa Fe Road into Box Canyon, which runs down the middle of La Costa, “I knew we’d get creamed,” said state Battalion Chief Chuck Howell. Once established in the canyon, the fire ran toward the ocean and swept furiously up the canyon ridges. Flames licked 50 feet and higher up the canyon wall.

Brian Watson, the Carlsbad Fire Department division chief, said the overall fire was so widespread, and moving so quickly in different directions--toward San Marcos on the north, La Costa to the west and Encinitas and Olivenhain to the southwest--that fire strategists did not know where to best position their relatively few resources.

The winds, he said, proved the wild card. “Every wind condition I’ve ever read about in the fire texts, I saw in an hour,” he said.

A First for Carlsbad

La Costa was jammed Wednesday with curious sightseers, with some filming the devastation through car windows with video cameras. Parked along the streets were news media, insurance agents, industrial cleaning servicemen and contractors who put out signs noting that they specialize in insurance repairs.

In the 44 years since it has been an incorporated city, Carlsbad had never had a home burn down due to a brush fire, until La Costa. “What you learn [from a big fire] is how helpless you are,” said Kulchin. “It’s unreal.”

As with many fires, probably the main reason that homes burned were the wood-shake roofs. Most of the homes were built before the city imposed new standards.

“We build buildings to burn and put them in the middle of the most flammable material available [wild brush] and then we wonder why they burn,” said Rancho Santa Fe Fire Chief Erwin Willis, head of the county fire chiefs association.

Meanwhile, in the Otay Mountains near the Mexican border, there was no prediction of containment for a blaze that has burned 14,000 acres of brushland. No structural damage was reported.

Also contributing to this report were Times staff writers Hector Tobar, Carla Rivera, Jeff Leeds, Tony Perry, Abigail Goldman, Jeffrey L. Rabin and David Reyes.

* SENSE OF COMMUNITY: From ruins in O.C. come stories of heroism and goodwill. A16